Download CUSTOMER_CODE SMUDE DIVISION_CODE SMUDE

CUSTOMER_CODE
SMUDE
DIVISION_CODE
SMUDE
EVENT_CODE
Jan2017
ASSESSMENT_CODE MJ0005_Jan2017
QUESTION_TYPE DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
32645
QUESTION_TEXT Provide a brief account of courts of law in India.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a. There are various of law in India. The Supreme court of India is the
ultimate interpreter of the constitution is the highest
court………………………………..it comprises the chief justice and not more
than 25 other judges appointed by the president of India–qualifications (2
marks)
b. Jurisdiction–advisory–special–appellate–original–writ–extra
ordinary………………………………….Interpretation of constitutionalists of law
(2 marks)
c. Sub–ordinate courts–family court–to promote conciliation and settlement of
disputes relating to marriage and family affairs…………………………..suits can
be held in camera, if need be (2 marks)
d. District courts–territorial jurisdiction of a district–offences considered–
Felony…………………………..recovery of possession damages (2 marks)
e. Civil courts deal with individual rights–contract disputes–
divorce……………………………….Small causes courts–details (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
32646
QUESTION_TEXT
Enumerate the six freedoms enshrined in the Indian Constitution with special
reference to freedom of speech and expression. What reasonable restrictions
are placed on it? Explain in Detail.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a. Fundamental rights of Indian citizens–importance of personal liberty. The
personal liberties provide the basis of fundamental rights–six fundamental
rights in the nature of freedoms, guaranteed under Article 19 of the Indian
constitution they are: Freedom of assembly–freedom of speech and
expression–freedom of form associations–Freedom of movement–Freedom to
reside and settle–freedom of profession, occupation, trade or business details
(2 marks)
b. However, these 'six freedoms' are however not absolute. Absolute
individual rights cannot be guaranteed by any modern State. An organized
society is the precondition of civil liberties. There cannot be any right, which is
injurious to the community as a whole–complete liberty without any social
control will ruin the entire society society–observation of Patanjali Shastri. (2
marks)
c. Reasonable restrictions mentioned in the constitution–restrictions on the
rights under Article 19(1) can be imposed by a law, not by departmental
instructions–should not be arbitrary–it is for the courts to decide that a particular
restriction is reasonable or not wide scope for judicial review–each case judged
on its own merits–The supreme court has laid down guidelines for this (2
marks)
d. It is the courts, not the legislature which has to judge whether a restriction
is reasonable or not. It is a limitation–there is no exact standard or general
pattern of reasonableness–the restriction must be substantively reasonable–
must have a rational relation with the object executive authority does not have
any power to decide (2 marks)
e. The fundamental rights are available only to Indian citizens–only for
natural persons–not legal person–freedom of speech and expression–the
expression can notes all publication–freedom of press is included–it also
means freedom of circulation–self fulfillment–discovery of truth case law studies
as examples (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
32648
QUESTION_TEXT
Amplify the censorship as a restriction on the press.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a. Censorship is the use or threat of power to suppress ideas. Censorship
benefits the powerful, not the powerless. Labeling, rating, and filtering systems
are censors' tools. Censorship is deleting parts of publications or
correspondence or theatrical performances. It is official prohibition or restriction
of any type of expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral
order, imposed by powerful groups or authority. (2 marks)
b. It may be applied to the mails, speech, the press, the theater, dance, art,
literature, photography, the cinema, radio, television, or computer networks. It is
placing restrictive controls on the dissemination of ideas, information, or images
through any communication medium commonly a prohibitive act directed
against the original forms of information. (2 marks)
c. In liberal democratic societies, censorship is not justified–it is a complex
issue–a balance between the right to free expression and not being distasteful
or harmful. Types of Censorship are: censoring for good taste, censoring for
privacy and security–censoring of ideas– Censoring - borderline issues–it can
be either by voluntary action or by forced one–voluntary by the artist himself. (2
marks)
d. Voluntary - by the company (Producers, distributors, publishing houses)–
Community decision and enforcement (votes, public decisions, pressure)–
Forced - by the government–restrictions/levels of access– Age restrictions–
Location restrictions–Censorship is opened to Education and information–
Dramatic uses– Restrictions to access (2 marks)
e. Music censorship–against abusive language–censorship of Internet–
personal censorship is feasible–censorship of radio–violence and sex on TV–
Central Board of Film certification–rules–functions–details (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
32649
QUESTION_TEXT
Critically examine the concepts of ethical egoism and utilitarianism in relation to
media.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a. Aristotle’s view that people should behave so as to achieve happiness is
challenged by some philosophers as being fundamentally flawed. To do what is
right because it makes us happy is just self-interest……………………………–
Kants categorical imperatives do not solve the morality issue. Ethical egoism
suggests that all morality is in reality self interest (2 marks)
b. Utility, or the Greatest Happiness principle, holds that actions are right in
proportion, as they tend to promote happiness, wrong, as they tend to produce
the reverse of happiness, according to John Stuart Mill utilitarianism is also
widely accepted in the west as an ethical system.
(2 marks)
c. Aristotle emphasized happiness in life and said that life should moderate
which is similar to values of balance, fairness and proportion of media which
can help in creating healthy atmosphere. Aristotle’s theory of acting rightly has
implication for communication ethicists and media practitioners–fact should be
brought to public–they should neither be exaggerated nor extra–precautionary.
(2 marks)
e. The other point emphasized by Aristotle was virtue–it should be
inseparable part of human beings–truth–a journalist should be truthful–religion
for him was a question of faith–repetition is needed to promise happiness–
Aristotle also stressed on utility–a reporter does hard work and his information
is used by many people–ad companies, research, centers, project makers,
features writers, others. (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
32650
QUESTION_TEXT
What role do you assign to morality vis–a–vis a free press?
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a. Being part of a community brings responsibilities–enough
information……………….However, the moral decisions are not about which
news to use but are decisions about the text concerned is news at all. (2
marks)
b. Journalists make choices to leave out stories………Most societies in the
world feel strongly about some area of media ethics and ensure appropriate
behavior by legislating in that area. (2 marks)
c. Consensus about what is acceptable for the media to publish or more
usually, not publish……………..Journalist do not have much of ethical
problems. The contempt of courts act in Britain (1981) details. (2 marks)
d. Audience approval as a major component–this makes journalistic work
market–driven–adhering to an ethical value system becomes difficult–issue of
loyalty–morality and truth–different dimensions–newsmaps–other details–
examples. (2 marks)
QUESTION_TYPE
DESCRIPTIVE_QUESTION
QUESTION_ID
106206
QUESTION_TEXT
Enumerate the advantages of cyber technology.
SCHEME OF
EVALUATION
a) provisions fore-business through email-validity-legality- approved by
court of law-legal form of communication-electronic commerce using
legal infrastructure (2 mark)
b) Digital fig natures are legally valid and sanctioned- hearing is
conducted in writing only- impact on fairness and evidence-inexpensive
storage, retrieval and use (2 mark)
c) Entry of corporate in digital signature certificate business- govt.
notifications through web (2 mark)
d) companies can file any form, applications- or document to any
office, authority, body or agency of govt. in electronic form- addresses
issues of security for success of electronic transactions ( 2 mark)
e) statutory remedies for corporate will be available in the event of
breaking into computer or network systems-damages-monetary
compensation is available (2 mark)