Download Spatial Data Infrastructure: Concepts and

Spatial Data Infrastructure
Concepts and Components
Douglas Nebert
U.S. Federal Geographic
Data Committee Secretariat
August 2009
What is a Spatial Data
Infrastructure (SDI)?
“The SDI provides a basis for spatial
data discovery, evaluation, and
application for users and providers within
all levels of government, the commercial
sector, the non-profit sector, academia and
by citizens in general.”
--The SDI Cookbook
http://www.gsdi.org
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Components of a Spatial Data
Infrastructure (SDI)
Policies & Institutional Arrangements
(governance, data privacy & security, data
sharing, cost recovery)
People (training, professional development,
cooperation, outreach)
Data (digital base map, thematic, statistical,
place names)
Technology (hardware, software, networks,
databases, technical implementation plans)
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Here’s an overview of the
elements and status of SDI…
Partnerships
Discovery
Access
Processing
Clearinghouse
(catalog)
Services
Metadata
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
GEOdata
Framework
Standards
The first task is to inventory who has what data of what
type and quality
 A standardized form of metadata was published in June
1994 by the US FGDC. An international standard (ISO
19115/19139) now exists and is being adopted by most
countries

Metadata
Metadata can apply to data, services,
and other resource types
Provides documentation of existing internal
geospatial resources within an organisation
(inventory)
Permits structured search and comparison of
held geospatial resources by others (catalog)
Provides end-users with adequate information
to take the resource and apply it in an
appropriate context (documentation)
ISO 19115/TS19139 provide an international
standard for metadata and its encoding
Services
Metadata
Geospatial Data
Metadata describes data and service resources
for order, access, or local use
 Metadata is used to describe all types of data,
emphasis on ‘truth in labeling’

Special-use thematic layers are built and
described as available geospatial data
Common data layers are being defined in
the Framework activity

Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Framework Data Standards
Eleven abstract data content standards
are being promulgated through the
ANSI process as American National
Standards
Each theme (layer) is also described as
XML/GML Application Schemas that can
be served over the Web (OGC Web
Feature Services)
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Scope: Framework Layers
Elevation
Orthoimagery
Hydrographic Data
Governmental Unit Boundaries
Cadastral
Geodetic Control
Transportation



Roads
Rail
Transit


Air
Marine
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Interoperability with common
Framework data encoding
import
System 1
API
export
Core
Framework
Encoding
export
API
System 2
import
WFS
System 3
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The NSDI includes the services to help
discover and interact with data
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
An important common service in SDI is
that of discovering resources through
metadata
Discovery Access Processing
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
This Discovery Service is provided by a
national catalog of geospatial information
which can be accessed by a national portal
National Geo-Portal capabilities
Help locate data and services
Support download of data, link to related
websites, and applications for others to access
Support self-organizing communities post and
manage selected content
Share data collection plans and requirements to
support partnerships and collaboration
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Functional Areas in the Portal
Search – enables
users to find
geospatial data
Communities –
highlight
authoritative data
sources
Featured
Resources –
highlight maps,
applications and
websites of
current interest
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Metadata Publication Options
Users may contribute metadata one of
three ways:



Enter metadata into a form on the catalog
and they are stored and indexed there
Upload metadata as XML to the catalog
from a GIS or metadata program
Register their existing metadata collection
or service to be harvested into the national
catalog
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data
metadata
form
entry
data
metadata
XML
upload
metadata
catalog
search
Portal
map viewer
map services
data
metadata
data metadata
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 A second
category of services provides
standardised access to geospatial
information
Discovery Access Processing
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
This
may be made via static files on ftp or
via web services. These services deliver
‘raw’ geospatial data, not maps.
Interoperable data access
Web
Server
form
OGC WMS Request
OGC WMS
Services
Native Minnesota
Services mapserver
postgreSQL
Deegree
ArcIMS
GeoMedia
MapExtreme
Access
ArcSDE
AutoCAD
Oracle
Distributed provider organizations
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A third class of services provides
additional processing on geospatial
information
Discovery
Access Processing
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standardization makes SDI work
 Standards touch every SDI activity

Discovery
Access
Processing
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
Standards include specifications, formal
standards, and documented practices
Candidate “SDI 1.0” Standards
SDI Suite 1.0 Candidate
OGC Web Map Service 1.1.1
OGC Web Feature Service 1.0
OGC Filter Encoding 1.0
OGC Web Coverage Service 1.0
OGC Geography Markup Language 2.1.2
OGC Catalog Services 2.0 Z39.50 Protocol Binding
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM, 1998)
SDI Suite 1.0 Supplemental
ISO Metadata Standard 19115 and ISO TS 19139
OGC Geography Markup Language 3.1.1
OGC Styled Layer Descriptor 1.0
OGC Web Map Context 1.1
OGC Catalog Services 2.0 HTTP Protocol Binding, CS-W
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Partnerships extend our capabilities
Partnerships
Discovery
Access
Processing
Services
Metadata
Framework GEOdata
Standards
Partnerships are the glue...
Proper governance of the community is
essential through a variety of roles and
responsibilities
National government or NGOs should partner
with other levels of government and sectors
to promote 2-way coordination
The government or a foundation may be able
to fund agencies with “seed” funding to
further existing efforts toward common goals
Partnerships extend local capabilities in
technology, skills, logistics, and data
Thank you!
Doug Nebert
US Federal Geographic Data Committee
[email protected]
+1 703 648 4151
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