Download Ch 15 Sec 5 fall of soviet union

The End of the Cold War
Ch 15 Sec 5
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Soviet Union Declines
• Stalin continues to repress his people
• Khrushchev allows more freedom but
still crushes Hungarians in 1956
• Brezhnev does the same thing in
Czechoslovakia during the Prague
spring 1968.
• Soviet economy stagnated after the
war
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Sensing this, America’s new president,
Ronald Reagan, decided to try to end the
Cold War by bankrupting the Soviet
Union.
He spent over
a trillion
dollars on
new military
technology…
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…including
satellites
designed to
shoot down
incoming
nuclear
missiles
with lasers.
It got a
nickname
based on a
popular
movie
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The Soviet Union went broke trying to
keep up with America’s spending spree.
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The Soviet “Vietnam”. Soviets invade
Afghanistan to try and spread communism.
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To prevent the Soviets from spreading
communism to Afghanistan, the U.S. trained
and supplied a group of guerrilla warriors
called the Mujahaden…
(one of them
was Osama
bin Laden)
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Just like the United States in Vietnam, the
Soviet Union’s powerful military was
defeated by guerrillas supplied from outside.
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After the war in
Afghanistan, the
Soviet Union was
almost bankrupt.
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Mikhail Gorbachev, the Soviet leader,
knew it was time for some reforms.
He gave the right to
make a profit
(perestroika Restructuring)
and
the right to gripe
(glasnost - openness).
It was only a matter of time before
people used these new freedoms to ask
for…
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DEMOCRACY!
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1987 - INF
• On December 8, 1987,
Reagan and Gorbachev
signed the Intermediate
Range Nuclear Forces
Treaty
• It mandated the removal of
more than 2,600 mediumrange nuclear missiles from
Europe, & eliminated the
entire class of Soviet SS-20
and U.S. Cruise and
Pershing II missiles.
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• The people of the Soviet Union
are in poverty.
• Because of Glasnost they now
have a better idea of what life in
the West is like.
• They realize how unequal their
situations are
• Poverty and Inequality will always
lead to…
14
Changes Transform Eastern
Europe
• Demands for freedom increase
• Hungary successfully and QUIETLY
reforms, able to increase their market
economy (60’s – 70’s)
• Solidarity – an independent labor union
in Poland, demands reforms
– Lech Walesa
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The Dam Breaks
• Countries in Eastern Europe stop
listening to the Soviet Union
– “We will not be puppets any longer!”
• 1989 East Germany opens its borders
with West Germany
• East Berlin opens the gates into West
Berlin
– The Berlin Wall is now meaningless
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1989 - Berlin Wall falls
• Gorbachev renounced the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which pledged to use Soviet
force to protect its interests in Eastern
Europe.
• On September 10, Hungary opened its
border with Austria, allowing East
Germans to flee to the West.
• After massive public demonstrations in
East Germany and Eastern Europe, the
Berlin Wall fell on November 9.
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Western Side of the wall
Eastern Side of the wall
Notice any differences?
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West German cars
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East
German
cars
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“Tear Down This
Wall!”
-Ronald Reagan
Link 1:43
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Fall of Berlin Wall
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Berlin Wall Comes Down
Nov. 9, 1989
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The Iron
Curtain became
an open gate.
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1990 –
German unification
• At a September 12 meeting in
Moscow, the United States, Soviet
Union, Great Britain, France and the
two Germanys agreed to end Allied
occupation rights in Germany.
• On October 3, East and West
Germany united as the Federal
Republic of Germany. Link 5:57 Link 6:23
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December 1991 – The Soviet
Union ends
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The End of the Soviet Union
• Some didn’t like his changes and
tried to overthrow him in a Coup
d’etat.
– People rally in the streets to
stop the Coup leaders
– Boris Yeltsin, leader of the
Russian Republic steps forward
and calls for the end of the
coup.
• Democracy and People Power is
taking hold in the USSR
Yeltsin
• The coup failed, and would
eventually cause The Soviet Union
to fall
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Communism Declines Around
the World
•
•
•
•
Command Economies Stagnate
China introduces market economy reforms
Cuba declines
Vietnam establishes diplomatic relations
with the US
• North Korea hunkers down in isolation and
stagnation
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Unites States as
Sole Superpower
• The US emerges as
the leading military
power
• Some Americans
reject the role of
“World Policeman”
• Some
envious/jealous/threa
tened by America’s
position in the world.
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