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Table of Contents B1c B2 B2c B3 B3c B4 B5 B6 B6c B7 B7c B7e 9/17 9/17 9/17 9/18 9/22 9/23 9/24 9/25 9/25 9/30 10/1 10/5 B8 B8c 10/6 10/7 Is Sammy Alive: HW Chapter 2 BFQ 2.1 Chapter 2 BFQ 2.3 Biochemistry Biochemistry Properties of Water Wonderous Water B2b B2d B3b B3d B4b B5b B6b 9/17 9/17 9/18 9/22 9/23 9/24 9/25 Macromolecules Biomolecule Chart Bldg Mcrmolc. Review ?s B7b B7d B7f 9/30 Macromolecules 10/2 Building Macromolecules 10/6 Essential Question Testing for Biol. Imp. Molecules B8b 10/6 Exploring Surface Tension Further Chapter 2 BFQ 2.2 Chapter 2 BFQ 2.4 Biochemistry How Geckos Stick on Der Waals Properties of Water Wonderous Water Exploring Surface Tension Further Exploring Surface Tension Further Macro Test Procedure Summary Testing for Biol. Imp. Molecules Agenda • Class Business – Test rewrites due today! IF YOU GOT A 28 OR LOWER THEY ARE MANDATORY! – Building macromolecules review ?s are HW if you did not finish them in class • Class Materials Now being put on Bio Website, NOT schoolloop (link is in your locker) • Essential Question • Identifying Macromolecules IDENTIFYING MACROMOLECULES IN FOOD LAB Introduction Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are all essential nutrients. We cannot manufacture these nutrients so we must obtain them from our environment. Introduction • In this lab, with the use of indicators as chemical detection tools, you will analyze a variety of foods for the presence of nutrients. • Detection is based upon observing a chemical change that takes place most often a change in color. What is an indicator? • Indicators are chemical compounds used to detect the presence of other compounds. Background Information INDICATOR MACROMOLECULE NEGATIVE POSITIVE TEST TEST Benedict’s solution simple carbohydrate blue orange IKI solution complex carbohydrate dark red black Biuret solution protein blue violet, black Sudan IV lipid dark red reddishorange Test for Simple Carbohydrates Benedict’s solution • Benedict's solution is a chemical indicator for simple sugars such as glucose: C6H12O6. • Aqua blue: negative test; • Yellow green/brick red, etc.: positive test Test for Simple Carbohydrates Benedict’s solution • Unlike some other indicators, Benedict’s solution does not work at room temperature - it must be heated first. Procedure Simple carbohydrate Add 1ml of monosaccharide to test tube #1 Add 1 ml of disaccharide to test tube #2 Add 1 ml of polysaccharide to test tube #3 Add 10 drops of Benedict solution Place test tube in a hot water bath for 5 minutes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. – Record your results Test for Complex Carbohydrates Lugol’s solution • IKI solution (Iodine Potassium Iodine) color change = blue to black Test for Complex Carbohydrates Lugol’s Iodine Solution • Iodine solution is an indicator for a molecule called starch. • Starch is a huge molecule made up of hundreds of simple sugar molecules (such as glucose) connected to each other. Procedure Complex carbohydrate 1. Add 1ml of monosaccharide to test tube #1 2. Add 1 ml of disaccharide to test tube #2 3. Add 1 ml of polysaccharide to test tube #3 4. Add 10 drops of IKI solution to each test tube – Record your results Test for Fats (lipids) Sudan IV • Like lipids, the chemical Sudan IV is not soluble in water; it is, however, soluble in lipids. • In this test dark red Sudan IV is added to a solution along with ethanol to dissolve any possible lipids. • If lipids are present the Sudan IV will stain them reddish-orange (positive test). Test for Fats (lipids) Sudan IV • If lipids are present the Sudan IV will stain them reddish-orange (positive test). Procedure Fats (lipids) • Add 1ml of food sample to tray Add 10 drops of Sudan IV • – • Record your results Using a Q-Tip smear a sample of the lipid onto a square of brown paper. – Record your results Test for Protein (amino acids) Biuret solution • Biuret solution dark violet blue to pinkish purple Procedure Protein (amino acids) 1. Add 1ml known protein sample to well-tray 2. Add 1 ml of known non-protein (any of the other samples in the front of the room) to well-tray 3. Add 10 drops of Biuret solution – Record your results
