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Institut de Recherche pour le Développement en Indonésie et Timor Oriental Marine biodiversity Keanekaragaman Hayati Kelautan One of the major issues of development in Indonesia is the knowledge and management of marine biodiversity, which is both a source of animal proteins for populations and a direct source of jobs and income for millions of people. This biodiversity is threatened by the degradation of both coastal and deep-sea ecosystems. Research actions led by IRD aim at linking the management of marine living resources with the conservation of species and ecosystems. Monitoring the evolution of coral reefs Monitoring the evolution of mangroves The IRD unit 227-COREUS implements a 4-year program (2013-2016) dedicated to the study of Indonesian coral ecosystems. The main objectives are the inventory of biodiversity, thematic mapping of habitats, and connectivity studies. The aim is also to assess and monitor selected coral-reef ensembles. This program is coupled with an ambitious training project which involves the supervision of several PhDs and MSc students. The IRD unit 123-AMAP implements a 4-year (2013-2016) program for the study of natural dynamics and of degradation of mangrove ecosystems using high-resolution space pictures. The objective is to set up an analytical process to monitor both the structure of the Indonesian mangrove and its evolution over a 10-year period in two selected test zones. The program is part of the global space oceanography INDESO (project management CLS, funding AFD). The partners are AMAFRAD (the Agency of Research and Development of the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, KKP) and CLS This program is coupled with an ambitious training project which involves the supervision of several PhD and MSc students. The program is part of the global space oceanography INDESO (project management CLS, funding AFD). The partners are AMAFRAD (the Agency of Research and Development of the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, KKP) and CLS. Knowledge of reef species exploited in the frame of the Live Reef Fish Trade Groupers are among the most emblematic fishes of Coral Triangle reefs. Several large-sized species are much appreciated by Chinese consumers and subject to intensive fishing intended to supply the Live Reef Fish Trade. To support fisheries management, trade control and the conservation of stocks and species, the IRD unit 227-COREUS and its partners of LIPI and Udayana University implement a inventory project using barcoding, coupled with phylogeography. Contact [email protected] www.indonesie.ird.fr