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The presidents from this time periods will not be covered on the STAAR Test President Westernization, Industrialization, Urbanization, & the Rise of Labor Unions Gilded Age: Era Year 1862 1869 1891 Homestead Act Transcontinental Railroad completed Joseph Glidden creates barbed wire, ending the open frontier End of Reconstruction Edison invents light bulb Standard Oil Trust formed Chinese Exclusion Act Pendleton Service Act First Skyscraper built in Chicago Haymarket Square bombing AFL (American Federation of Labor) formed Dawes Act Jane Addams founds Hull House Sioux massacred at the Battle of Wounded Knee Sherman Anti-trust Act Populist Party Formed 1892 Homestead Steel Strike 1894 1874 1877 1879 1882 1883 1885 1886 1887 1889 1890 U.S. Imperialism/Emerge as World Power Progressive Era Spanish American War 1896 1898 William McKinley 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 Theodore Roosevelt Events 1904 1906 1908 1909 Pullman Strike Plessey v Ferguson upholds separate but equal William Jennings Bryan runs against McKinley USS Maine sinks in Havana Harbor Spanish-American War begins Hawaii annexed by US Emilio Aguinaldo leads Filipinos against Americans Treaty of Paris ends Spanish American War Open Door Policy with China Boxer Rebellion in China Theodore Roosevelt becomes president Platt Amendment U.S. recognizes Panama’s independence, Wright Brothers fly first plane Roosevelt Corollary declared Upton Sinclair writes “The Jungle” Pure Food and Drug Act passed Muller v Oregon, Taft elected president NAACP formed by W.E.B. Dubois Progressive Era William Taft 1911 1912 1913 1914 World War I 1915 1916 Woodrow Wilson 1917 1918 1919 1920 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Roosevelt forms Progressive Party to challenge Taft, splits republican vote &Wilson wins Federal Reserve Act 16th Amendment – income taxes 17th Amendment – establishes election US senators Underwood Tariff Act Clayton Antitrust Act Panama Canal Opens Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand World War I Begins, US not involved in war yet, remains neutral Germans sink Lusitania General Pershing pursues Pancho Villa in Mexico Germans practice unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman Telegram intercepted on its way from Germany to Mexico US enters the war and declares war on Germany War Industries Board established, Espionage Act passed Espionage Act of 1917 Battle of Argonne Forest – Pershing and the AEF defeat the Germans Wilson proposes 14 points, Armistice ends Sedition Act of 1918 Treaty of Versailles, Senate rejects US role in the League of Nations Schenck v United States 18th Amendment (prohibition) ratified Race riots and lynching throughout the US 19th Amendment (women’s suffrage) Roaring Twenties Era President Year Woodrow Wilson 1919 1920 Warren Harding 1921 1923 1924 Calvin Coolidge 1925 1927 1929 Great Depression & New Deal Herbert Hoover 1930 1932 1933 Franklin Roosevelt 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 Events Red Scare, Palmer Raids, Schenck v United States 20% of US labor force goes on strike 18th Amendment (prohibition) ratified Race riots and lynching throughout the US 19th Amendment (women’s suffrage) ratified and Sacco & Vanzetti arrested Washington Naval Conference Emergency Quota Act restricts immigration Teapot Dome Scandal Marcus Garvey claims 6 million followers Ku Klux Klan claims 5 million members National Origins Act sets 2 percent quotas for immigration Harlem Renaissance begins Scopes Monkey Trial, T-Ford drops in cost Charles Lindbergh’s solo flight across the Atlantic, Sacco & Vanzetti executed Hoover elected president, Stock Market Crashes Stock Market Crashes on Tuesday, October 29, 1929 Hawley Smoot Tariff raises taxes on farm products and manufactured goods Bonus Army marches on Washington Franklin Roosevelt wins presidency Prohibition in repealed Hundred Days of legislation follows FDR’s inauguration Banks closed after over 6,000 fail FDIC establishes Glass-Steagall Act Agricultural Adjustment Act passed National Industrial Recovery Act passed Tennessee Valley Authority established Civilian Conservation Corps enrolls 250,00 mean Hitler becomes chancellor of Germany Securities and Exchange commission established Schecter v. United States rules NIRA unconstitutional Works Progress Administration established National Labor Relations (Wagner) Act protects workers’ rights Social Security Act passed Congress passes first of annual Neutrality Acts Germany occupies the Rhineland FDR proposes court-packing plan, which fails Japan invades China Appeasement at Munich by Chamberlain as Germany takes Sudetenland 1939 1940 World War II Franklin D. Roosevelt (4 terms) 1941 1942 1943 1944 Roosevelt with Wilson taking over after death 1945 Czechoslovakia falls to Germany Austria votes to be annexed by Germany Germany invades Poland Neutrality Act allows cash-and-carry for military purchases Germany and Soviet Union sign nonaggression pact World War II Begins (US not involved) Germany conquers Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France U.S. and Great Britain sign destroyers for bases deal America First Committee established, urging U.S. neutrality Italy, Germany, and Japan form the Axis Powers FDR wins unprecedented third term for president Lend-Lease Act allows U.S. to financially assist Allied nations FDR and Churchill sign Atlantic Charter, pledging selfdetermination for all nations Germany invades Soviet Union Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on December 7, killing 2,323 U.S. servicemen U.S. declares war on Japan on December 8 Axis Powers declare war on the US three days after Pearl Harbor War Production Board established U.S. begins interning Japanese-American citizens Germany sinks 400 American ships Battle of Coral Sea Battle of Midway U.S. attacks Vichy forces and Germans in North Africa Manhattan Project begins Soviets defeat Germans at Stalingrad, Allies invade Italy Teheran Conference Allies invade France at Normandy (D-Day) June 6 Roosevelt elected president for fourth term Island-hopping campaign retakes Guam Island Battle of the Bulge Yalta Conference Hitler commits suicide in Berlin bunker V-E Day Americans recapture the Philippine Islands Potsdam Conference, Truman replaces Roosevelt Bomb dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki V-J Day President Year 1946 1947 Early Cold War The 50s Post World War II Era Harry Truman 1948 1949 1950 1952 1953 1954 Dwight Eisenhower 1955 1956 1957 1959 Events Cold War tensions begin Churchill give “Iron Curtain” speech George Kennan proposes containment Truman doctrine aids nations resisting communism Marshall plan provides economic aid to Europe HUAC investigates Hollywood Jack Robinson breaks color line in baseball Taft-Hartley Act slows growth of labor unions Soviets & Stalin set up Berlin Blockade Alger Hiss case begins Truman defeats Dewey in presidential election NATO formed Mao leads communist takeover in China Korean War begins US troops invade North Korea Rosenberg trial begins – couple is later executed McCarthy begins anti-communist campaign Eisenhower elected president Stalin dies Korean War ended with truce and demilitarized zone Brown v Topeka Board of Education Army-McCarthy hearings Senator McCarthy censured by Senate Martin Luther King Jr. begins Montgomery Bus Boycott Suez Canal crisis Soviet launch Sputnik Little Rock Nine Castro takes over Cuba Soviet Premier Khrushchev visits the U.S. Era President Year The 60s, Civil Rights Movement, Late Cold War & the Vietnam War John F. Kennedy & the New Frontier 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 Lyndon B. Johnson & The Great Society 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 Richard Nixon 1970 1972 Events Kennedy and Nixon participate in first televised debate, Kennedy defeats Nixon Greensboro sit-in protests Bay of Pigs invasion fails Freedom Rides Berlin Wall is built Peace Corps established Cuban Missile Crisis MLK begin his efforts to desegregate Birmingham University of Alabama admits first black student – James Meredith Civil Rights March on Washington President Kennedy assassinated, Vice President Johnson takes office President Johnson announces war on Poverty Freedom Summer voter registration campaign begins in Mississippi Civil Rights Act passed Berkeley Free Speech Movement Gulf of Tonkin Resolution passed US begins bombing North Vietnam Johnson elected president Medicare funding begins Race Riots in Watts Malcolm X assassinated American combat troops sent to Vietnam National Organization for Women (NOW) formed Stokley Carmichael leads black power movement Massive anti-war protest in Washington, D.C. Viet Cong launch Tet Offensive Johnson withdraws from presidential race Dr. Martin Luther King assassinated Robert Kennedy assassinated Nixon elected president Woodstock Festival Apollo 11 crew lands on moon Kent State Massacre Nixon visits People’s Republic of China Détente begins with Soviet Union SALT I Treaty signed with Soviet Union Era President Richard Nixon Gerald Ford Year 1972 1973 1974 Watergate Scandal, Late Cold War, Rise of Conservatives, Modern Times 1975 1978 Jimmy Carter 1979 1980 1981 Ronald Reagan 1982 1985 1986 1989 1990 George Bush Sr. 1991 1992 Bill Clinton 1993 1995 2000 George W. Bush 2001 2004 2005 Barack Obama 2008 Events Watergate break-in occurs, Nixon wins second term US and North Vietnam sign Paris Peace Accords Roe v Wade expands abortion rights Vice President Agnew resigns in disgrace Impeachment proceedings begin against President Nixon Nixon resigns, Ford succeeds him and takes office , Ford pardons Nixon US abandons South Vietnam as it falls to North Vietnam Bakke vs University of California – affirmative action case Camp David Accords between Israel and Egypt US and China establish diplomatic relations Iran militants capture U.S. embassy and takes hostages Soviet Union invades Afghanistan Sandinistas overthrow Somoza in Nicaragua US boycotts Moscow Olympics Reagan elected President Iran releases hostages, AIDS epidemic reaches U.S. Sandra Day O’Connor named first female Supreme Court justice 241 Marines killed in Lebanon US invades Granada Gorbachev takes power in Soviet Union Iran-Contra affair , Challenger space shuttle explodes after takeoff Students begin pro-democracy demonstrations in China Berlin Wall falls Saddam Hussein of Iraq invades Kuwait Operation Desert Storm ends Iraq’s occupation of Kuwait Soviet Union falls Los Angeles riots follows Rodney King verdict NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) approved US NATO forces enforce peace in Bosnia George W. Bush defeats Gore in disputed election (Florida recount) Hijackers crash planes into World Trade Center towers and Pentagon US invades Afghanistan to overthrow Taliban government Patriot Act gives US broad powers to investigate terrorism George Bush reelected President President Bush urges Congress to reauthorize the USA Patriot Act First African American president elected