Download Pre-project SQA components Project Life Cycle SQA components

Chapter 4
Components of the Software Quality
Assurance System
Quality Management and Process Improvement
1
Classes of SQA System Components
1. Pre-project components
2. Software project life cycle components
3. Infrastructure components for error avoidance and
improvements
4. Management SQA components
5. SQA standards, system certification and
assessment components
6. Organizing for SQA – the human components
Quality Management and Process Improvement
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The Software Quality temple
Project
Development plan
and Quality Plan
Ch.6
Contract review
Ch.5
Formal Design Reviews
Sec. 8.2
SQA of External Participants
Ch 12
Project Life Cycle SQA components
Quality Infrastructure components
Procedures
Ch. 14
Supporting
Devices
Ch. 15
Training
Instruction
Ch. 16
Preventive
Actions
Ch.17
Configuration
Management
Ch. 18
Standards
Quality Management
Documentation
Control
Ch. 19
Project
Progress
Control
Ch. 20
Software
Quality
Metrics
Ch. 21
Software
Quality
Costs
Ch. 22
Quality
Management
Standards
Ch. 23
Project
Process
Standards
Ch.24
Organizational Base – Human components
Management - Ch. 25
SQA Unit - Sec. 26.1
Quality Management and Process Improvement
SQA Trustees – Sec. 26.2
SQA Committees – Sec. 26.2
SQA Forums – Sec 26.4
1. Pre-project components
These components assure:
A. The project commitments have been effectively defined
considering the resources requires, the schedule and budget
B. The development and quality plans have been correctly
determined
These components include:
A. Contract Review
Contract review activities must include a detailed examination of
the project proposal draft and the contract draft
B. Development and quality plans
After singing the contracts, project plan is prepared and its
integrated quality assurance activities (the quality plan) are also
prepared
Quality Management and Process Improvement
2. Software project life cycle components
The development life cycle is composed of two stages:
1. Development life cycle stage
2. Operation-maintenance stage
SQA components at this stage include:
1. Reviews
The design phase of development process produces different
documents that needs review: design reports, SW test documents,
installation plans, manuals…etc. Reviews can be either
Formal design reviews: to formally get professional doc. Approval
Peer reviews: peer review of short doc., chapter, or reports.
2. Expert opinions
Expert opinions support quality assessment efforts by introducing
additional external capabilities into the organization’s in-house
development process. (why we may need such experts?)
Quality Management and Process Improvement
2. Software project life cycle components - Continued
3. Software testing
It is a formal process carried out by specialized testing
team in which a software unit, several integrated SW units
or an entire SW package are examined by running the
programs on a computer. Testing can be classified as:
Black Box Testing (functionality test)
White Box Testing (Structural test)
4. Software maintenance
Quality Management and Process Improvement
2. Software project life cycle components - Continued
5. Assurance of the quality of the external parts
Subcontractors and customers frequently join the directly
contracted developers (the suppliers) in carrying out software
development projects.
The larger and more complex the project, the greater the
possibility that external participants will be required. (why we
may need to subcontract part or all of the project?)
Most of the SQA controls applied to external participants are
defined in the contracts signed between the relevant parties.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
3. Management SQA Components
Managerial SQA components support the managerial
control of
software
development
maintenance services.
Control components include:
 Project progress control
 Software quality metrics
 Software quality costs.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
projects
and
3. Management SQA Components - continued
1. Project progress control
To detect the appearance of any situation that may make
difference from the projects plans and maintenance
performance. Project control activities include: Resource
usage, Schedules, Risk management and Budget
2. Software quality metrics
measurement is an effective tool for the support of control
activities and the initiation of process improvements.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
3. Management SQA Components - continued
3. Software quality costs

Management is especially interested in the total sum
of the quality costs.

Quality cost analysis can help in identifying those
teams whose ineffective quality assurance efforts result
in higher than average quality cost. The results can
then be used to help the teams improve
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4. Infrastructure components for error avoidance and
improvement
Goal of infrastructure are the avoidance of software faults
or at least lowering faults rates as well as improving the
productivity
SQA infrastructure components include:
Procedures and work instructions
Procedures are planned to be generally
applicable and to serve the entire organization.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
4. Infrastructure components for error
avoidance and improvement
Staff training, retraining and certification
Preventive and corrective actions
Implementation of changes that prevent similar failures in the
future.
Correction of similar faults found in among the activities
performed by other teams.
Implementing proven successful methodologies to enhance
the probability of repeat successes.

The sources of these data are design review reports,
software test reports, and customers’ complaints.
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4. Infrastructure components for error
avoidance and improvement
 Configuration management
Configuration management deals with modifying
software to create new versions and releases by
introducing procedures to control the change
process.
 Documentation control
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5. SQA standards, system certification and assessment
components
Objectives:
Utilization of international professional knowledge
Objective professional evaluation and measurement of the
organization’s SQA achievement
The standards available may be classified into two subclasses: Quality management standards and Project
process standards.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
5. SQA standards, system certification and
assessment components
1. Quality management standards

These standards focus on what is required and leave the
decision about how to achieve it to the organization.

The application of a managerial quality system provides a
fairly
objective
assessment
of
the
organization’s
achievements.

Organizations that comply with quality achievement
requirements can then seek SQA certification.

Examples of this type of standard are:
• CMMI
• ISO 9001, 9000-3
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5. SQA standards, system certification and
assessment components
2. Project process standards
Project
process
standards
are
professional
standards that provide practical guidelines (dealing with
the question of “how”) for the development team.
 Well-known examples of this type of standards are:
•
•
ISO 12207
ISO 1012
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Tight and loose customer-supplier
relationship
Software projects developed by software houses for to
the use of other companies are usually known as
external projects or outside-contracted projects . Usually
characterized
by
strong/tight
customer-supplier
relationship
Software projects developed by one unit of an
organization to another unit in the same organization is
usually known as internal project or in-house projects
(the majority of projects). Usually characterized by
weak/loose customer-supplier relationship
Quality Management and Process Improvement
Types of Internal Projects
Administrative or operative software to be applied
internally, such as Sales systems, Financial systems, HR systems
and management systems
Software packages originally intended to be sold to the
public as packages, such as computer games, educational
software, word processors and sales packages
 Common to all these project types is the fact that no
external
body
contributes
development.
Quality Management and Process Improvement
as
client
in
their
Thank you…
Quality Management and Process Improvement
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Quiz 1
Q1) Briefly describe the Objectives of
using
SQA
standards
and
certifications.
Q2) Discuss briefly the Management
SQA Components.
Quality Management and Process Improvement