Download Notes: Rocks

Notes: Rocks
What is a rock?
A rock is a ______________ occurring solid __________ of one
or more _______________ or organic matter.
Rocks are classified by how they are _____________, their
___________________, and __________________.
Rocks change over time through the ________________
______________;
.
Igneous Rock
Igneous rock begins as ________________.
Magma can form:
▪ When rock is ____________.
▪ When pressure is ________________.
▪ When rock changes _________________.
▪
Magma is a mixture of many ________________.
Igneous Rock
_________________: takes longer to cool, giving mineral crystals
more time to grow
_______________: cools quickly with little to no crystals.
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Big crystals – rock cools slow.
Small crystals – rock cools fast.
_________________________: magma pushes into surrounding
rock below the Earth’s surface.
_________________________: forms when magma erupts onto
the Earth’s surface (lava), cools quickly with very small or no
crystals formed,
Felsic is light colored igneous rock.
Mafic is dark colored igneous rock.
Obsidian is a dark-colored volcanic glass that forms from the
very rapid cooling of molten rock material. It cools so rapidly
that crystals do not form.
Notes: Rocks
Metamorphic Rock
Metamorphic Means to ______________ shape.
Changes with _____________ and ______________, but remains
solid.
Usually takes place ________________ in the Earth.
________________ - contains aligned grains of flat minerals
(lines).
_____________________– mineral grains are not arranged in
plains or bands.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rock is formed by _______________.
Sediments are moved from one place to another.
Sediments are ___________________ in layers, with the older
ones on the bottom.
 The layers become _______________ and
_____________together.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks are formed at or near the Earth’s surface

No heat and pressure involved.
Fossils found in these rocks
 _____________ – layers of rock
 _________________ – the process in which sedimentary
rocks are arranged in layers.
_______________ – made of fragments of rock cemented together
with calcite or quartz.
___________________________ – minerals crystallize out of
Notes: Rocks
solution (water) to become rock.
___________________________ – remains of plants and animals.
Rock Cycle
The __________________ changing of rocks from one kind to
another over long periods of time is called the __________
_____________________.
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The rock cycle has no definite sequence. It can follow
many different pathways.
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Igneous: Melting to Magma/Volcanic Activity
Sedimentary: Erosion – Weathering-Deposition Cementation – Compaction
Metamorphic: Heat and Pressure
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Fossils are found in ____________________ rocks.
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They help provide information of life forms that lived
thousands of years ago.
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_________________ – Minerals have filled in where an
organism once was.
_____________ – A hollow area that an organism has left.
____________ – A copy of the shape of the organism
(opposite of a mold)
_______________________ – a thin coating of carbon
that is left behind when gases have been release by the
decaying fossil (like a leaf print on a rock)
_______________ – An imprint that an organism left
behind (like a footprint)
Rock Cycle
Fossils
Types of Fossils
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Petrified Fossils
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Fossils in which minerals _____________ all or part of an
organism.
How does this happen?
 Water rich in dissolved minerals ___________
into spaces, evaporated, leaving the
________________minerals behind.
Example – petrified wood
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Most __________________ type of fossil.
Both _______________ the shape of the organism.
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Molds and Casts
Notes: Rocks
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Carbon Film
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A mold is a ___________________ area of sediment in
the shape of the organism.
A cast is a ________________ of the shape of an
organism.
Carbon film is an extremely ____________coating of
carbon
How does this happen?

Trace Fossils
How Old Is It?
All organisms are made of carbon. When they are
buried, the materials that makes up the organism
___________________. These gases escape
leaving carbon behind.
Trace fossils provide _____________ of the activities of ancient
organisms.
 Examples
A ___________________ provides clues about the size and
behavior, the speed, how many legs it walked on, lived alone or
with others.
A ___________ or _____________ can give clues about the size
and shape of the organism, where it lived, and how it obtained
food.
_____________________ – It’s age when compared to others ( I
am older than you)
_____________________ – It’s actual or real age
 We use radioactive dating to find this
____________________ – a gap in the geological record (like
from erosion)