Download BY 124 Mock Exam Test One

BY 124 Mock Exam Test One
1.
Which of the following is similar in structure between charophytes and land plants?
a. Apical meristems
b. Formation of plasmodesmata in the nucleus
c. Peroxisome enzymes
d. Sporopollenin
e. Pollen-forming gametangia
2. Which of the following is true regarding plant reproduction?
a. Sporophyte dominance came before gametophyte dominance evolutionarily
b. Female bryophytes make a megasporangium
c. In bryophytes, the zygote grows into a parasitic sporophyte
d. Diploid dominance means that the species is dispersed though spores
e. Bryophytes are unable to undergo asexual reproduction
3. Which of the following is not true regarding the life cycle of mosses?
a. External water is required for fertilization
b. Flagellated sperm are produced
c. Antheridia and archegonia grow from the gametes
d. The gametophyte generation is dominant
e. The growing embryo gives rise to the sporophyte
4. What structure transfers water and nutrients from a bryophyte gametophyte to a bryophyte
sporophyte?
a. Spores
b. Seta
c. Foot
d. Sporangium
e. Peristome
5. A new species of plant has been discovered that has the following characteristics: flagellated
sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte and sporophyte generations with a
dominant sporophyte, and no seeds. Which of the following is this new species most closely
related to?
a. Mosses
b. Charophytes
c. Ferns
d. Gymnosperms
e. Flowering plants
6. Which of the following is not true of the fern life cycle?
a. Fertilization takes place in the archegonium
b. The mature sporophyte is parasitic to the gametophyte
c. Ferns are dispersed throughout the environment by spores
d. Spores are created through the process of meiosis
7. Which of the following is true concerning the angiosperm life cycle?
a. Female gametophytes use meiosis, then 3 rounds of mitosis to produce the egg and polar
body
b. Seeds are produced in megasporangium, found on the gametophyte
c. Pollen grains contain high quantities of gibberelin
d. A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm
e. The endosperm has 2 copies of its genetic code from one plant and 1 copy from a different
plant
8. Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following
should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs?
1. Sporophyte embryo
2. Female gametophyte
3. Egg cell
4. Megaspore
a. 4, 3, 2, 1
b. 4, 2, 3, 1
c. 1, 4, 3, 2
d. 2, 3, 1, 4
9. The stamen is made up of a:
1. Anther
2. Sepal
3. Filament
4. Segment
a. 1, 2, 4
b. 1, 3
c. 2, 3, 4
e. 2 only
e. none of the above
10. Which traits are shared by many modern gymnosperms and angiosperms?
1. Pollen transported by wind
2. Lignified xylem
3. Microscopic gametophytes
4. Endosperm
a. 1 only
b. 1 & 2 only
c. 1, 2, 4
d. 1, 2, 3
e. none of the above
11. The generative cell of male angiosperm gametophytes is haploid. This cell divides to produce
two haploid sperm cells. What type of cell division does the generative cell undergo to produce
these sperm cells?
a. Binary fission
b. Mitosis
c. Meiosis
d. Mitosis, then meiosis
e. Meiosis, then mitosis
12. Which is not true of the evolutionary trends of plants?
a. Lowering dominance of sporophyte, increasing dominance of gametophyte
b. Development of vascular tissue
c. Lowering dependence on water for fertilization
d. Seed is a resistant, dispersible stage of the life cycle
13. Which is not a primary function of dermal tissue?
a. Water absorption
b. Protective covering
c. Secretes a waxy material
d. Structural support
14. Which of the following cells and tissues are living when functionally mature?
1. Phloem
2. Parenchyma cells
3. Sclerenchyma cells
4. Collenchyma cells
5. Xylem
a. 3, 4, 5
b. 1, 2, 3, 4
c. 1, 2, 4
d. 2, 4, 5
e. 2, 3, 4
15. What is not true of secondary growth?
a. Two types of tissue cause secondary growth: cork cambium & vascular cambium
b. Secondary growth occurs only in woody plants
c. Secondary xylem cells formed in the springtime are usually bigger than secondary xylem
cells formed later in the year, due to more nutrients being available in the fall
d. Little or no secondary growth occurs when absistic acid is present in the plant
16. Under a microscope, you view many loosely packed cells with relatively thin cell walls, and
under closer examination you discover that they lack secondary cell walls. What type of cells
would these be?
a. Parenchyma
b. Collenchyma
c. Sclerenchyma
d. B or C
e. None of the above
17. Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?
a. Cork cambium
b. Vascular cambium
c. Phloem
d. Xylem
e. None of the above
18. Which of the following is not true of cork cambium?
a. Cell division leads to vascular tissue
b. Layers of living cork cells provide a protective barrier on the outside of the plant
c. Helps to form a waxy substance called lignin
d. Cork cells made by the vascular cambium accumulate in the cell wall
e. All of the above
19. Which of the following terms is not matched correctly?
a. Periderm: cork cambium and cork
b. Bark: phloem, cork cambium, cork
c. Heartwood: still functioning xylem cells
d. Sapwood: still functioning xylem cells
20. Which of the following is not a practical use in modern times for angiosperms?
a. Medicines
b. Food crops
c. Wood for construction
d. Lowers atmospheric CO2 levels to help other life forms on earth
21. Which of the following would most likely not contribute to the surface area available for water
absorption from the soil by a plant root system?
a. Root hairs
b. Endodermis
c. Mycorrhizae
d. Fungi associated with the roots
e. Fibrous arrangement of roots
22. In plant roots, the Casparian strip is described by which of the following?
a. It ensures that all water & dissolved substances must pass through a cell membrane before
entering the stele
b. It is located in the walls between endodermal cells & cortex cells
c. It provides energy for the active transport of materials into the stele from the cortex
d. It provides increased surface area for the absorption of mineral nutrients
e. It is responsible for the formation of symbiotic relationships with bacteria or fungi
23. What regulates the flow of water through the xylem?
a. Opening and closing of the stomata
b. Evaporation of water from the leaves
c. Movement of calcium ions into and out of guard cells
d. A and B
e. All of the above
24. Water potential is generally most negative in which of the following parts of a plant?
a. Mesophyll cells in the leaf
b. Xylem in roots
c. Cells in the root cortex
d. Root hairs
25. Nitrogen fixing soil bacteria reduce atmospheric nitrogen to
a. N2
b. NH3
c. NO2
d. NO+
e. NO-
26. If a plant is infected with Rhizobium, what is the probable effect on the plant?
I. It gets chlorosis
II.It will create an infection thread
III. It dies
IV. It will probably grow faster
a. I and III
b. I and II
c. II and III
d. III only
e. II and IV
27. In a root nodule, the gene coding for nitrogenase
a. Is inactivated by leghemoglobin
b. Is absent in active bacteroids
c. Is in the cells of the pericycle
d. Is part of the Rhizobium chromosome
e. None of the above
28. Micronutrients are needed in very small amounts because
a. Most of them are mobile in the plant
b. Most serve mainly as cofactors of enzymes
c. Most are supplied in large enough quantities in seeds
d. They play only a minor role in the growth & health of the plant
e. None of the above
29. Darwin and Darwin’s (D&D) experiments were different from Boysen and Jensen’s (B&J)
experiments in that:
a. D&D only showed that there was some hormone responsible for phototropism, while B&J
discovered that it auxin
b. D&D covered the tip of the coleoptile, while B&J removed it completely
c. B&J used an auxin-impregnated gelatin, while D&D used an impregnable layer of mica
d. B&J concluded phototropism was caused by a chemical messenger originating in the top of
the coleoptile, while D&D concluded it was originating throughout the whole plant
e. None of the above
30. Choose the incorrect statement regarding phototropism.
a. It is caused by a chemical signal
b. One chemical involved is auxin
c. Auxin causes a decrease in growth on the side of the stem exposed to light
d. Auxin causes a growth increase on one side of the stem
e. Auxin is found in greater quantities on the side of the stem away from the light
31. We know from experiments that plants bend toward light because
a. Auxin is inactive on the dark side of the stem
b. Auxin is found mostly on the lighted side of the stem
c. Phytochrome stimulates florigen production
d. Cell expansion is greater on the dark side of the stem
e. None of the above
32. The apical bud of a pine tree inhibits the growth of lateral buds through the production of
a. Abscisic acid
b. Ethylene
c. Cytokinin
d. Gibberellin
e. Auxin
33. The ripening of fruit and the dropping of leaves & fruit are principally controlled by
a. Auxins
b. Ethylene
c. Cytokinins
d. CO2 concentration in the air
e. None of the above
34. What plant hormones might be used to enhance stem elongation & fruit growth?
a. Brassinosteroids and oligosaccharides
b. Auxins and gibberellins
c. Ethylene and cytokinins
d. Abscisic acid and phytochrome
35. A short-day plant will flower only when
a. Days are shorter than nights
b. Days are shorter than a certain critical value
c. Days and nights are of equal length
d. Nights are longer than a certain critical value
36. A flash of red light followed by a flash of far-red light given during the middle of the night to a
short-day plant will likely
a. Cause increased flower production
b. Have no effect upon flowering
c. Inhibit flowering
d. Stimulate flowering
37. Which of the following does not reduce the level of the Pfr form of phytochrome?
a. Exposure to red light
b. Exposure to far red light
c. Destruction of phytochrome
d. Synthesis of phosphorylating enzymes
38. A long-day plant will flower if
a. The duration of continuous light exceeds a critical length
b. The duration of continuous light is less than a critical length
c. The duration of continuous darkness exceeds a critical length
d. The duration of continuous darkness is less than a critical length
39. Plants that have their flowering inhibited by being exposed to bright lights at night are
a. Day neutral plants
b. Short-night plants
c. Short day plants
d. Long day plants
40. If you wanted to genetically engineer a plant to be more resistant to drought, increasing
amounts of which of the following hormones might be a good first attempt?
a. Abscisic acid
b. Auxins
c. Brassinosteroids
d. Gibberellins
e. Cytokinins
41. The initial response of the root cells of a tomato plant watered with seawater would be to
a. Rapidly expand until cells burst because the ions are brought in to the cell
b. Begin to plasmolyze as water is lost
c. Actively absorb salts from the seawater
d. Release ionotropics to neutralize the salt
e. None of the above
42. The chemical signal for flowering could be released earlier than normal in a long-day plant
exposed to flashes of:
a. Far red light during the night
b. Red light during the night
c. Red light followed by far red light during the night
d. Red light during the day
43. Which of the following is not part of the transpiration – cohesion – tension mechanism model
for the ascent of xylem sap?
a. Loss of water from mesophyll cells which initiates pull of water molecules from neighboring
cells
b. Transfer of transpirational pull from one water molecule to the next through cohesion
c. Hydrophilic walls of tracheids and vessels that help maintain the column of water against
gravity
d. Water moving through the cytoplasm of xylem as a collective, cohesive unit due to hydrogen
bonding in water
e. None of the above
44. According to the pressure flow hypothesis of phloem transport,
a. Solute moves from high concentration in the source to lower concentration in the sink
b. The formation of starch from sugar in the sink increases the osmotic concentration
c. Pressure in the phloem of a root is normally greater than the pressure in the phloem of a
leaf
d. Solutes in the companion cell are passively moved into the sieve tube cells due to the
pressure gradient that is exerted by the proton pumps
e. None of the above
45. Arrange the following five events in an order that explains the mass flow of materials in the
phloem
1. Water diffuses into the sieve tubes
2. Leaf cells produce sugar by photosynthesis
3. Solutes are actively transported into sieve tubes
4. Sugar is transported from cell to cell in the leaf
5. Sugar moves down the stem
a. 2, 1, 4, 3, 5
b. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
c. 2, 4, 3, 1, 5
d. 4, 2, 1, 3, 5
e. 2, 4, 1, 3, 5
46. You and your significant other carve your initials into the trunk of a tree about 4 feet off the
ground. Years later, you visit to tree to find that the initials are
a. At the same height you carved them
b. Higher than the initial carving height
c. Lower than the initial carving height
47. You are studying a plant from the arid southwestern United States. Which of the following
adaptations is least likely to have evolved?
a. Closing the stomata during the hottest part of the day
b. Development of large leaf surfaces to absorb water when it does rain
c. Formation of a fibrous root system spread over a large area
d. Thick waxy cuticle on the epidermis
e. None of the above
48. What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?
a. Lateral buds
b. Apical dominance
c. Absence of petioles
d. High quantities of cytokinins
e. None of the above
49. ______ is to xylem as _________ is to phloem
a. Sclerenchyma cell; parenchyma cell
b. Apical meristem; vascular cambium
c. Vessel element; sieve tube member
d. Cortex; pith
50. CO2 enters the inner spaces of the leaf through the
a. Cuticle
b. Epidermal trichomes
c. Phloem
d. Stoma