Download Mr. Li Hailong

Green Transformation in Chinese Urbanization
Li Hailong
Deputy Director
Eco-city Planning & Construction Center
Chinese Society for Urban Studies
[email protected]
THINK TANK ON INTENSIVE, GREEN, SMART AND LOWCARBON URBANIZATION
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The Sustainable Development Goals
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The Sustainable Development Goals
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Urbanization
China
Urban
Rural
 Population: about 1.37 billion (2014), 1 billion is expected to live in cities in
2030.
 Territory: 9.6 million square kilometers
 Number of Cities: 703 cities, 18599 municipal towns （2014）
 Urban and town Area: 8.58 million hectares
 GDP: 10,355 billion dollars, increase 10% every year
 Urbanization Rate: from 20% (1984) to 54.77% (2014) , will reach 70% in 2030
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Key Trends of China’s Urbanization
 Urbanization growth rate will significantly slow, shift
from “land” urbanization to “people” urbanization
 Energy and water shortage, air, water and soil
pollution continued to intensify
 Carbon emission reduction and urban disaster
prevention is obviously insufficient.
 Motorized will strengthen traffic congestion and also
the speed of sub-urbanization.
 Population aging accelerate and demand for housing
continued to decline.
 Impotent protection of urban cultural and historic
heritage and traditional rural landscape
Cities are Key to China’s Climate Targets
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Sustainable and Eco-civilization
Politics
Key task
construction
Economy construction
Cultural construction
Society construction
Eco-civilization
construction
Integrated Reform Plan for Promoting Ecological Progress
• Natural resource assets Property
• Land development and Protection
• Spatial planning system
• Resource management and comprehensive
conservation
• Paid use of resources and ecological compensation
• Environmental management system
• Environmental and ecological protection market system
• Performance assessment, evaluation and accountability
Comprehensive, coordinated
and sustainable development
Report to the Eighteenth National
Congress of the Communist Party of
China
----CPC Central Committee and the State Council
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13th Five Year Plan -
New Change
• Increased efficiency of energy resources development and utilization;
• Effective control total aggregate of Energy and water consumption,
construction land, carbon emissions
• Total emissions of major pollutants reduce significantly
• City development according to Carrying capacity of resources and cultural
• Using Green planning, design and construction standards
• Support the developed region achieving emissions targets
• Implementation demonstration zone of near-zero carbon emissions
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13th Five Year Plan •
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New Change
New city new district development to existing urban upgrading renovation
Effective resource consumption, environmental damage, ecological benefits
into the urbanization development evaluation system
Eco-city & Smart City
Optimization of urban underground pipeline network
Energy system optimization
Green building (Passive, low energy, construction industrialization, BIM)
Public transport (Mass transit, bicycles, electric vehicles)
Ecological protection and restore (Sponge city, black and odorous River treatment,
Remediation of contaminated soils, urban and rural waste treatment,
green infrastructure)
Green industry (Energy saving, air pollution, carbon emissions and
pollution emission right trading；
Urban design-oriented, pay attention to the protection and development of
the Chinese culture, focusing on integrated urban management
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Strategic Priorities of MoHURD & other
Ministries
 January 14, 2011, MoHURD established the leading group for the
development of low carbon eco-cities, set office in CSUS, responsible
for:
- developing low carbon ecological plans & provide policy consultation
- researching on Key Performance Indicator (KPI) system
- pilot city for demonstration, then technology dissemination
 March 2013, MoHURD issued <the 12th 5-Year Development Plan on
the Green Building and Green Ecological Districts >, with the
following main targets:
- 1 billion m2 new green building, promoting green building standard
- 100 green ecological demonstration districts, no smaller than 1.5 km2.
Strategic Priorities of MoHURD & other
Ministries
 March 16, 2014, CCPCC & State Council issued <The National NewUrbanization Plan (2014-2020)《新型城镇化》>, start-up of new paradigm of
urbanization in China. Main targets:
- permanent population in urban area reach around 60% by 2020
- the urbanization rate in terms of HUKOU holding reach 45%
- 100 million population transfer from rural to urban area.
 April 25, 2015, State Council issued <Suggestions on Enhancing Ecocivilization >，《关于加快推进生态文明建设的意见》
the top-level design and the master plan on the Ecological Civilization.
 November 19, 2015, China's Policies and Actions on Climate Change
国应对气候变化的政策与行动2015年度报告》
《中
Eco-city and Low-carbon Urbanization
 Under the huge pressure of resource and energy shortage, building lowcarbon, eco-city or green cities has gradually become the mainstream of the
global urban construction .
 As the core region of the world's urban construction , China has a profound
impact on sustainable development.
 Chinese eco-city construction is characterized by its high speed，huge
number and big scale in the world.
 Ecological city construction is still in the exploration stage.
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Development Type
• New location for City future development
• High quality public service facilities
• Residential, exhibition, creativity, leisure
and tourism, modern services, high-tech
• Average planning area 152. 8 km2
• Industry or hi-tech zones
• Industry, trade, research and development, etc.
• Average planning area is 34 km2
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• Residence- based projects
• Average planning area is 3 km2
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2.8
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57.4
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leisure and entertainment
Conference and exhibition, hotel
Education and training, golf
Ecological agriculture
Residential villas
Average planning area is 22 km2
16.8
New Urban District
Resort Region
Real Estate Project
High Tech Park
Eco-Town
Exsit Urban District
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Spatial Characteristics
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Mostly centralized on the
state-level economic zones
Northeast China Plain
and districts， or located on
the coastal economically
developed areas.
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Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei
Cluster on: Pearl River Delta,
Yangtze River Delta, central
China, Chengdu-Chongqing
region, Beijing, Tianjin,
Sichuan & Chongqing
Hubei & Hunan
Northeast China Plain
Pearl River Delta
Yangtze River
Delta
Location Characteristic
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62%：Near Ocean、Lake、River、reservoir、wetland
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17.8%： Farmland
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13.8%：Mountain
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6% ： Other
Farmland
City
mountain
Lake
River
Wetland
Forest
Ocean
Reservoir
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International cooperation is becoming an
important feature of the eco city
construction China
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Europe-China Eco-City Cooperation Project (EC-LINK)
Pilot Cities
Xixian, Shaanxi
Luoyang, Henan
Weihai, Shandong
Qingdao, Shandong
Hefei, Anhui
Changzhou, Jiangsu
Zhuzhou, Hunan
Guilin,Guangxi
Liuzhou, Guangxi
Zhuhai, Guangdong
Sino-Germany Eco-City Cooperation Project Pilot Cities
Urumqi, Xinjiang
Zhangjiakou,
(HuaiLai), Hebei
Yantai, Shandong
Haimen, Jiangsu
Yixing, Jiangsu
Sino-Finnish Eco-City Cooperation Project Pilot Cities
Arshaan
Yulin
NanJing
Sino - US Eco-City Cooperation Project Pilot Cities
LangFang, Hebei
Weifang, Shandong
Rizhao, Shandong
Hebi, Henan
Jiyuan, Henan
Hefei, Anhui
Increasing policy support scale:
Project -> Town –> Urbanized area -> City
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Implement solar rooftop program
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Implement transformation subsidy of existing buildings and
heating reformation in north area
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Implement Energy-saving transformation and monitoring of public buildings
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Application demonstration project of Renewable energy construction
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Green small town construction projects
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National green building action plan (2013.1.1)
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Guideline for passive ultra low energy consumption green building
technology (2015.11.10)
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Green Building
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Water Management
 Twelfth-Five-Year-Plan for Waste Water and Recycling Infrastructure Planning (State Council,
2012):
 Improve the overall capacity of waste water treatment; Total sewage treatment rate reaches
85% by 2015; Sludge harmless disposal rate reaches 70-80% by 2015; Recycled water utilization
rate reaches 15% by 2015.
 Instructions for Urban Waterlogging Drainage System (State Council, 2013): Division of
rainwater and sewage systems by 2018
 Instructions on Enhancing Urban Infrastructure Construction (State Council, 2013) & Technical
Guidelines for Urban Waterlogging Drainage System (MoHURD, 2013)
 Guidelines for the Sponge City (Low-Impact-Development) (MoHURD, 2014) & Guidelines for
Promoting Sponge City Construction (State Council, 2015): Annual total runoff rate 80%-85%
 Action Plan for Urban Water Management (State Council, 2015)& Guidelines for Urban Polluted
and Odor Water Management (MoHURD & MEP, 2015): Reduce city odorous rivers to 10%, and
eliminate all by 2030.
《Guidance for urban black and odorous water body treatment》(MoHURD, MWR, MA, 2015)
• By the end of 2020, black and odorous river in urban area is controlled within 10%.
market size of about400 billion
• By 2030, all the black and odorous water in urban area are eliminated.
Sponge City
 《Announcement for National Sponge City Pilot Cities》
– Ministry of housing and urban-rural development (February, 2016)
– Second round, 14 cities
 《Technical Guidelines for Sponge City Planning》
– MoHURD, March, 2016
– Finish planning by October 2016
 Sponge City Assessment Method
– MoHURD
– MOF
– MWR
 16+14 Sponge City Pilot
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APPC
• 11 provinces and cities jointly launched the “Alliance of
Peaking Pioneer Cities” (APPC) JUNE 7, 2016
• All cities and provinces in the Alliance have established, for the
first time, peak years for carbon dioxide emissions that are
earlier than the national goal to peak around 2030.
• 2020 （Beijing，Guangzhou，Zhenjiang)
• 2022（Shenzhen，Wuhan）; 2025（Guilin、Jilin、Jinchang）
• 2029（Yan’an） ; 2030（Si Chuan Province and Hainan Province）
• Compact of Mayors and the Alliance of Peaking Pioneer Cities
(APPC) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) at the
Second China-U.S. Climate-Smart / Low-Carbon Cities Summit in
Beijing. Now Cities need to turn their commitments into action.
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Adaptive to climate change
• New Program proposed by NDRC and Mohurd
• 30 typical city will be selected according to
the city's size, function
• Vulnerability assessment to climate change,
Urban planning, Climate change monitoring system
• By 2020 made the initial results, after examination,
the results will promote demonstration
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Thank you!
Li Hailong
Deputy Director
Eco-city Planning & Construction Center
Chinese Society for Urban Studies
[email protected]
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