Download 01 - Croatia Air Quality

AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Zvjezdana Bencetić Klaić
[email protected]
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
MAJOR AIR QUALITY
CONCERNS IN CROATIA
• Pollutants?
• Sources?
• Incidents!
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Gaseous:
SOx (SO2 and SO3)
NOx (NO2 and NO)
NH3
NMVOC
CO
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
TSP
Particulates:
(PM10)
(PM2.5)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Heavy metals:
Arsenic (As)
Cadmium (Cd)
Chromium (Cr)
Copper (Cu)
Mercury (Hg)
Nickel (Ni)
Lead (Pb)
Selenium (Se)
Zinc (Zn)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Persistent
organic
pollutants:
Lindane (HCH)
Pentachlorophenol (PCP)
Hexachlorobenzene (HCB)
Dioxins and Furans (DIOX)
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Persistent
organic
pollutants:
Short Chained Chlorinated Paraffins (SCCP)
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)
Aldrin
Chlordane
Chlordecone
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main pollutants
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Persistent
organic
pollutants:
Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT)
Dieldrin
Heptachlor
Hexabromobiphenyl
Mirex
Toxaphene
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
gaseous (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(103 kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Intercomparison (2000)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical.
Planning and Construction of the Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Austria
Croatia (2000)
Germany
Croatia (1990)
France
Germany
Croatia (2000)
Slovakia
Italy
Bulgaria
EU
Austria
UK
Czech Republic
Poland
Slovakia
Croatia (1990)
Italy
France
Poland
UK
Slovenia
USA
Bulgaria
Slovenia
EU
Czech Republic
USA
kg SO2 /
inhabitant
kg NOx / inhabitant
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
gaseous (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(103 kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
particulates (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(103 kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
heavy metals (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
heavy metals (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Croatian anthropogenic emissions,
persistent organic pollutants (2002)
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and Construction of the Republic
of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
(kg/year)
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Sources of
acidifying
gases
(SO2, NOx,
NH3) (2002)
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Burning energy
production
16 %
Agriculture
42 %
Production
processes 6 %
Burning –
industrial
13 %
Road
traffic
12 %
Other mobile
sources and
machines 7 %
Burning –
non-industrial 4 %
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
SO2
(2002)
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Road
traffic
8%
Other mobile
sources and
machines 4 %
Production
processes
9%
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Burning energy
production
35 %
Burning –
industrial
34 %
Burning –
non-industrial 10 %
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
NOx
(2002)
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Other mobile
sources and
machines
23 %
Burning - energy
production
19 %
Burning –
non-industrial
5%
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Burning –
industrial
10 %
Road traffic
41 %
Production
processes
2%
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
CO
(2002)
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Other mobile sources Other
sources 1 %
and machines 9 %
Burning –
non-industrial
32 %
Road
traffic
49 %
Burning –
industrial 9 %
Production processes 1 %
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
NH3
(2002)
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Production processes
5%
Agriculture
94 %
Road traffic
1%
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Particles
(2002)
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
(source: Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical. Planning and
Construction of the Republic of Croatia, http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
7%
13%
12%
TSP
15%
12%
PM10
24%
44%
19%
10%
27%
10%
12%
17%
Burning - energy production
Burning - non-industrial
Burning - industrial
Production processes
Road traffic
Other mobile sources and machines
PM2.5
26%
52%
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Pb
(2002)
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Burning –
Burning - energy industrial 1 %
production
Production processes
1%
Other
4%
sources 1
%
Road
traffic
93 %
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Hg
(2002)
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Fossil fuel and
geothermal energy Waste
distribution treatment and
1 % deposition 2 %
Production processes
3%
Burning –
energy
production
36 %
Burning –
industrial 30 %
Burning –
non-industrial 28 %
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Other heavy
Cd
metals
(2002)
As
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Main sources
%
Industrial burning
59
Burning – energy production
50
Cu
Road traffic
80
Cr
Burning – energy production
40
Ni
Industrial burning
67
Se
Production processes
78
Zn
Road traffic
83
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Persistent
organic
pollutants
Main sources
(2002)
PAHs Non-industrial burning
98
DIOX Non-industrial burning
96
HCH
100
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
Agriculture
%
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
3%
Main
individual
SO2 sources
(2002)
3% 2%
6%
6%
7%
51%
9%
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
13%
Oil refinery Rijeka - 8933 t
TE Rijeka - 4909 t
TE Sisak - 4215 t
Petrokemija Kutina - 1722 t
Other Croatian sources - 33745 t
Oil refinery Sisak - 6193 t
TE Plomin - 4290 t
TE-TO Zagreb - 2323 t
EL-TO Zagreb - 1145 t
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Main
individual
NOx sources
(2002)
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Oil refinery Rijeka 1656 t
Oil refinery Sisak 1652 t
TE Rijeka - 1632 t
TE Plomin - 3245 t
2%
TE Sisak - 2319 t
TE-TO Zagreb 1196 t
Petrokemija Kutina
- 2106 t
Dalmacijacement
Split - 2916 t
EL-TO Zagreb 1305 t
Other Croatian
sources - 51263 t
4%
3%
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
2%
3%
5%
2%
2%
2%
75%
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
90,5%
Main
individual CO
sources
(2002)
0,3%
8,7%
(source: Ministry of
Environmental
Protection, Physical.
Planning and
Construction of the
Republic of Croatia,
http://www.mzopu.hr/ )
0,1%
0,1%
0,1%
0,1%
0,0%
0,2%
Oil rafinery Rijeka - 730 t
Našicecement - 308 t
Cement production Korpmačno - 181 t
Petrokemija Kutina - 26863 t
Other Croatian sources - 279080 t
Oil rafinery Sisak - 124 t
TE Plomin - 280 t
TE-TO Zagreb - 160 t
Dalmacijacement Split - 782 t
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Some hot spots
1. Rijeka
20% of Croatian
SO2 (2002) from
oil refinery and TE
2. Zagreb
4% of Croatian NOx (2002) from
TE-TO and EL-TO
3. Sisak
15% of Croatian SO2 (2002) from
oil refinery and TE
4. Kutina
9% of Croatian SO2 (2002) from
Petrokemija
5. Plomin
6% of Croatian SO2
and 5% NO2 (2002)
from TE
2
1
5
4
3
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Current state
network
2
1
5
http://zrak.mzopu.hr/glavni.asp
4
3
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Recent serious
incidents - 1
Karlovac, 23 February 2007
Beer factory – unlawful CO2
emission  1 died
2
1
5
6
4
3
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Recent serious
incidents - 2
Sisak, January 2007
Oil refinery – H2S pollution
2
1
5
4
3
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Recent
serious
incidents - 2
6. Sisak, January 2007
Oil refinery – H2S pollution
1, 13 and 16 January
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
H2S (µg m-3) – daily
C6H6 (µg m-3) – daily
PM10 (µg m-3) – daily
http://zrak.mzopu.hr/
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Recent
serious
incidents - 2
Sisak, 1 January 2007
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
CO (µg m-3) – hourly
H2S (µg m-3) – hourly
C6H6 (µg m-3) – hourly
PM10 (µg m-3) – hourly
http://zrak.mzopu.hr/
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
Recent
serious
incidents - 2
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
CO (µg m-3) – hourly values
H2S (µg m-3) – hourly values
Sisak
13 – 16 January 2007
C6H6 (µg m-3) – hourly values
PM10 (µg m-3) – daily values
http://zrak.mzopu.hr/
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Recent serious incidents – 3
Sisak
20 February 2007; 15:15
Crude oil spill  100 m high jet
NO2
CO
H2S
SO2
C6H6
PM10
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
More about Sisak
1 - 12 April 2007
H2S (µg m-3) – daily
PM10 (µg m-3) – daily
SO2 (µg m-3) – daily
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Recent serious
incidents – 4
2
1
Rijeka, 3 - 5 February 2002
5
concentrations
-3
(µgm )
400
SO2
Rijeka
February, 2002
300
200
100
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
days
Jeričević et al., 2004
On 4 February a warning
was sent out to the public
not to expose outdoors!
4
3
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Other sites
Kutina, PM10
Rijeka2, O3
Zagreb1, NO2
Zagreb1, PM10
Zagreb3, O3
Osijek, PM10
AMGI/EURASAP Workshop
Air Quality Management, Monitoring, Modeling, and Effects
Zagreb, May 24-26, 2007
Andrija Mohorovičić Geophysical Institute
Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science
University of Zagreb, Croatia
The European Association for
the Science of Air Pollution
Conclusion
• Old technologies
• Unlawful emissions
• Answers?