Download STUDY GUIDE TO CHAPTER 19

Study Guide Aquatic Ecology
Name__________________
Water by the Numbers: (p.306)
% of the Earth covered by water: _________________________
% saltwater___________
% freshwater ______
% polar ice caps / glaciers ___________
% liquid fresh water in available to us: ____________
Chapter 6
1. Describe some of the unique physical and chemical properties of water
2. Based upon salinity: 2 main types: list zones in each type:
a. Saltwater or marine
b. Freshwater
3. Identify the environmental factors that affect & divide aquatic ecosystems into layers:
4. Identify & describe the FOUR zones of the ocean:
a. Coastal
b.
Euphotic
c.
Bathyal
d. Abyssal
5. Identify & describe the following types of aquatic organisms:
a. Phytoplankton
b. Zooplankton
c. Nekton
d. Benthos
e. Decomposers
6. Identify the ecological and economic services provided by the ocean:
7. The Coastal Zone makes up less than _______% of the ocean, but contains ________% of marine life
8. Describe an estuary:
9. Identify and describe THREE economic and environmental services provided by estuaries:
10. Describe mangrove forests. Why are they important?
11. What is the difference between lotic water system & lentic water system
12. Describe each of the different zones in a lentic ecosystem:
a. Littoral
b. Limnetic
c. Profundal
d. Benthic
13. Discuss why an upwelling, turnover, or thermocline are ecologically important in aquatic ecosystems:
When do they happen?
14. Describe an oligotrophic and eutrophic lake.
15. What is cultural eutrophication?
16. What is another name for a watershed?
17. Describe a watershed , its 3 zones, and the ecological importance on floodplains and groundwater:
18. Describe the importance of inland wetlands:
19. Identify THREE ways that estuaries and wetlands have been negatively impacted:
20. More than ____________ of inland wetlands are gone. Most were destroyed to _______________
Chapter 12
21. 3 general patterns of Marine Biodiversity: where does greatest biodiversity occur?
22. Loss of Aquatic Biodiversity: HIPPCO. Summarize impact of each
Habitat loss
Invasive species
Population Growth
Pollution
Climate Change
Overfishing
23. Identify THREE different commercial fishing practices and the effect of each on organisms:
Which is the most destructive?
24. List 4 reasons it is difficult to protect Aquatic Biodiversity
25. What is a Marine Sanctuary? How successful are they?
26. Describe overfishing & sustainable yield:
27. Describe policy of mitigation
Chapter 14
28. Describe some of the key roles water plays in the ecosystem
29. Describe groundwater and the ecological and economical importance, compared to surface water
Define: Aquifer –
Water table –
Infiltration –
Runoff –
Natural recharge30. Identify the main use and the percentage usage of:
_____% Agriculture: _____% Industry_____% Cities/residence (Municipalities):
31. Use a map to identify water rich and water poor areas.
32. What is groundwater depletion? What are some of the consequences?
33. Describe the unique issues associated with the Ogallala Aquifer
Including: define/describe what it is, its uses, location, advantages, disadvantages
34. What are solutions to using Aquifers more Sustainably
35. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using dams and reservoirs.
36. Describe the unique issues associated with the Colorado River system:
Including: define/describe what it is, its uses, location, advantages, disadvantages
37. Describe the unique issues associated with the Three Gorges Dam:
Including: define/describe what it is, its uses, location, advantages, disadvantages
38. Describe what happened to the Aral Sea:
39. Describe desalinization of ocean water, its benefits and drawbacks, and identify where desalinization is
used:
40. Identify THREE methods of irrigation.
a. ______________________________, b. ________________________________, c. _____________________________
Describe the importance of drip irrigation:
41. Indentify FOUR other strategies for reducing irrigation water waste other than drip irrigation:
42. Describe what happens to the water cycle and the landscape in an area that has been deforested
43. How does urbanization contribute to flooding? How can this be minimized?
44. What are some solutions to reducing water waste?
45. Why is raising the price of water a key to water conservation?