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Download DNA Technology: CH 13 Sec 2
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DNA Technology: CH 13 Sec 2 Genetic Engineering •Technology to manipulate the DNA of an organism to ____________ _____________________________________ –Exogenous DNA •Used to study: –specific ________________________ –Development of _________________ –______________________________ Ex: GFP inserted into mosquito larvae DNA Tools •Used to manipulate DNA and isolate genes from an organisms genome •Genome- _________________________________________ Restriction Enzymes •Proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences __________________ _________________________________ •Found in some ________________ –100’s identified •Creates fragments unique to organism –___________________________________________ –___________________________________________ •Used to isolate specific genes or regions of DNA –EcoRI cuts GAATTC Ex: EcoRI Gel Electrophoresis •_______________________________________________________ –Loaded into gel •Pieces attracted to positive end •Smaller fragments move _____________ •Creates a unique fragment –Compare to known sequence –____________________________ •Bands can be removed for study or combined with other DNA Recombinant DNA Technology Combining fragments of DNA from __________________________ New DNA molecules are inserted by a carrier called a _________ into a host cell -host = ___________________ - vectors = _________________________ •DNA ligase chemically _______________________ •Recombinant DNA is inserted into host bacteria •Transformation using heat or electric current •Colonies of bacteria ________ are then grown to produce large amounts of the _________________________ –Resistant to ampicillin DNA Sequencing •Determining the sequence of nucleotides in an organisms genome •Uses: –Predict the ______________________________ –Compare with ___________________________ –Identify ___________________ •First cut into smaller pieces –Restriction enzymes •Fragments mixed with DNA polymerase and the four nucleotides –A,T,C,G •Nucleotides tagged with fluorescent dye •Produces strands of different lengths •Separated by electrophoresis •Machine used to detect color of each _________________________ _______________________________________________________ Polymerase Chain Reaction (_______) •DNA fragments and 2 short single stranded DNA fragments (primers) are added to DNA polymerase and nucleotides in a tube –Primers have complimentary ends •Tube heated then cooled –DNA strands separate allowing primer to bind to each template –Repeat hot/cold cycle many times •Polymerase adds _________________________________________ •Used to _____________________a specific region of DNA fragment –Forensics & research Biotechnology •Using technology with living things to solve problems •Transgenic organisms are ______________________________ ___________________________________ •Used for _______________________________________ Transgenic Animals •Often used in ___________________ •Improve _______________________ –Disease resistance in poultry •Improve human health Transgenic Plants •Genetically modified to grow faster, produce more, are ___________ •Create foods without _______________________________ •Future uses: –Biodegradable plastics –_____________________________ Transgenic bacteria •Used to make ___________, growth hormones, and chemicals to dissolve blood clots •Protects crops by slowing the formation of ______________, clean up oil spills, decompose __________________
