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The Functioning of Marine Ecosystems Four major Elements Anthropocene 11-year cycle Energy Polar Man Man-made drivers of change Natural driver of change Temperate 18-year cycle N,P,Si Tropical Setting the stage Habitat (Intrinsic properties non-living nature) Determines reaction Intrinsic properties living nature 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 Estimated average # of species in 20 hls 51 10.8 to 27.6 27.6 to 31.6 31.6 to 35.3 35.3 to 39.1 39.1 to 55.9 50 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Info: [email protected] The Functioning of Marine Ecosystems Pressures Four major Elements Energy Sun/moon (Light/heat/kinetic) Climate Temperature Wind Precipitation Tides/Currents Nutrient availability Tectonics Volcanism Earth quakes Tsunamis Polar Temperate Habitat (Intrinsic properties non-living nature) Depth Bottom type Currents Salinity Waves (splash zone) Hydrothermal vents Gas seeps Ice Biogenic structures Man-made structures N,P,Si Man Extraction living and non-living Physical loss Siltation Abrasion Nutrient enrichment Noise Temperature Salinity Contamination Introduction non-indigenous sp. Habitat changes pH changes Collisions Activities Fisheries Hunting Aquaculture Nutrient inputs Shipping Tourism Mining Military River inputs Constructions Energy production Dredging CO2 emissions Tropical Intrinsic properties living nature Processes Features Evolution Biodiversity Regime shifts/sudden Behavior changes Production Resilience/sensitivity Recruitment Feedbacks Predation Match/mismatch Diseases Reef building Complexity/chaos Info: [email protected] The Functioning of Marine Ecosystems Man Four major Elements Fisheries Hunting Wadden Sea, NL Energy Aquaculture Marine pollution Eutrophication Noise Invasive species Shipping Tourism Mining River inputs Constructions Hard substrate Dredging Rotor blades CO2 emissions (climate and acidification) Totaal-fosfaat, jaargemiddelden Totaal-stikstof, jaargemiddelden 1975 Temperate Habitat (Intrinsic properties non-living nature) Depth Bottom type Currents Salinity Waves (splash zone) Hydrothermal vents Gas seeps Ice Biogenic structures Man-made structures N,P,Si 1980 1985 1990 Jaar 1995 2000 2005 Ntot mg N/l 2 3 0 0.0 20 1 0.1 Ptot mg P/l 0.2 CHLFa ug/l 40 60 80 0.3 4 100 Chlorofyl-a, zomerwaarden 0 Sun/moon (Light/heat/kinetic) 18-year cycle 11-year cycle Climate Temperature Wind Precipitation Tides/Currents + Nutrient availability Tectonics Volcanism Earth quakes Tsunamis Anthropocene 1975 1980 1985 1990 Jaar 1995 2000 2005 1975 1980 1985 1990 Jaar 1995 2000 2005 Intrinsic properties living nature Processes Features Evolution Biodiversity Regime shifts/sudden Behavior changes Production Resilience/sensitivity Recruitment Feedbacks Predation Match/mismatch Diseases Reef building Complexity/chaos Info: [email protected]
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