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U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
USFWS’ Arctic Focal Area:
Conserving Fish and Wildlife
Populations in a Changing Landscape
Philip Martin and Jim Zelenak
November 2007
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Responsibilities
•
National Wildlife Refuges
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Responsibilities
• National Wildlife Refuges
• Endangered Species
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Responsibilities
• National Wildlife Refuges
• Endangered Species
• Marine Mammals
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Responsibilities
• National Wildlife Refuges
• Endangered Species
• Marine Mammals
• Migratory Birds
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Responsibilities
• National Wildlife Refuges
• Endangered Species
• Marine Mammals
• Migratory Birds
• Inter-jurisdictional Fish
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Resources
• National Wildlife Refuges
• Endangered Species
• Marine Mammals
• Migratory Birds
• Inter-jurisdictional Fish
• Subsistence Resources
Heightened Concern for
Arctic Fish and Wildlife
•
•
•
•
Climate Change Forum (February 2007)
Recent Climate Data
Sea-ice Observations and Models
Observed and Predicted Impacts to Icedependent Species
Predicting Habitat Change
Thermokarst Pits and Polygons, NPR-A
Most of the troughs and pits
developed since 1989
October
2002
Storm at
Barrow
Salt-killed Tundra
Resulting From Storm
Surges, Fish Creek Delta,
Alaska.
(Mars and Houseknecht 2007)
1949
2001
Migratory Birds
Wetland
Habitat Structure/Composition
Vegetation
Wetness
Migratory Birds
Wetland
Habitat Structure/Composition
Vegetation
Wetness
PrecipitationEvaporation Ratio
Salinization
Temperature
Permafrost
Degradation
What changes in populations, biodiversity,
key species, and living resources are
associated with Arctic Change?
•
What impact does Arctic Change have on living resources (biomass,
diversity, distribution, health, physiological status, and annual biological
phenomena [phenology])?
•
How does Arctic Change, as reflected in populations, biodiversity, key
species, and ecosystems, interact with driving forces such as harvesting and
cumulative impacts of regional development?
•
How do changes in species composition and trophic dynamics associated
with Arctic Change affect ecosystem structure and function, including
biogeochemical cycles?
•
What are the most sensitive biotic indicators of Unaami (e.g., indicator
species, genetic change, demography, and recruitment, abundance.)?
Responding to Change:
Partners in Management
Fish and Wildlife Service
Trust Resources
Habitat Change
Ecosystem Processes
Resource Management Agencies:
BLM, NMFS, MMS, ADFG, NSB
Research Community:
USGS, NOAA, SEARCH, NSSI,
NSF, NGOs