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Landscapes A landscape is a region on Earth’s surface. (See p. 2 of your reference table) What are the three types of landscapes? Mountains Plateaus Plains What causes the formation of landscapes? Climate Local Bedrock Human Activities. How do we determine what type of landscape it is? On the basis of – Gradient – Elevation – Rock Structure Landscapes are divided into three major types mountains, plains and plateaus Mountain Characteristics – High Elevation – Distorted Rock Structure Due to convergent plate movement, faults, folds and volcanic rock Plateau Characteristics – High Elevation – Rock is not distorted – Formed by agents or erosion Plain Characteristics – Low Elevation – Level Surface with very little change in slope Picture A represents a mountain Picture B represents a plateau Picture C represents a plain Factors of Landscape Development Uplifting Forces – Originate beneath or within Earth’s lithosphere. They displace and form new rock material to raise the land. Leveling forces – Erosion and weathering the landscape will be lowered Impact Craters – The collision of meteorites, asteroids and comets has been a major contributor to landscapes. Climate – The rate of development and the characteristics of landscapes in an area are greatly influenced by temperature and moisture conditions. Arid Climate In arid climates, there is little vegetation to hold the sediments in place on steeper slopes or at the bases of the slopes so wind and running water can rapidly carry sediments away. This rapid removal of sediments causes many arid regions to have steep slopes and sharp, angular landscape features. Humid Climate In humid climates, sediments on hillslopes and at the bases of hillslopes, are better held in place by vegetation. Areas of humid climates are characterized by the smooter and more rounded landscape features. Effects of Climate on Landscape Development (see p. 308 in your regent review book) Picture A represents a humid climate Picture B represents a dry, arid climate Drainage Patterns Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors. Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology Dendritic Pattern A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots. It develops in regions underlain by sedimentary rocks and lava flow with similar resistance to weathering. What it looks like Trellis Drainage Trellis drainage patterns look similar to their namesake, the common garden trellis. Trellis drainage develops in folded topography like that found in the Appalachian Mountains of North America. What it looks like Radial Drainage The radial drainage pattern develops around a central elevated point. This pattern is common to such conically shaped features as volcanoes. The tributary streams extend the headward reaches upslope toward the top of the volcano What it looks like Annular Drainage Annular drainage is found in areas of domed structure with much difference in rock resistance Forms when layers of rock are uplifted into a dome or down-warped into a basin What it looks like Lab Activity #12, Landscapes, July 28, 2010 Please complete lab activity #12: Landscapes. When finished please complete – Questions 1-6 on page 304 – Questions 7-18 on pages 309-310 – Questions 19-25 on pages 313-314 HW #12, July 28, 2010 Please complete – Questions 1-6 on page 304 – Questions 7-18 on pages 309-310 – Questions 19-25 on pages 313-314
