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Jesus Lizard (Basilisk Lizard) Surface tension is explained by water’s ability to form hydrogen bonds. Water isn’t attracted to air so molecules at the surface tend to be drawn into the body of the liquid. This can allow things to “rest” on the surface without sinking! Surfactant Water’s surface tension can be decreased by adding surfactant. Surfactant is a wetting agent such as soap or detergent that gets its name from surface active agent. Lung Surfactant: A fluid secreted by the cells of the alveoli (the tiny air sacs in the lungs) that serves to reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids; surfactant contributes to the elastic properties of pulmonary tissue. Think About It?!?! On October 27, 1915, the British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition ship Endurance was crushed by pack ice and sank, leaving the members of the expedition to float on ice floes for five months!! Bbbrrrrr Today, icebreakers are used to open a safe path for navigation through floating pack ice. What property of water allows its solid phase, ice, to float in its liquid phase??? Evaporation and Condensation Because of hydrogen bonding water absorbs a large amount of heat as it evaporates or vaporizes. (heat of vaporization or condensation) Bonds must be broken before water changes from liquid to gas. Steam carries a great deal of energy with it. Evaporation and Condensation Rates of evaporation and condensation are very important to regional temperature on Earth. Think heat, cooling and rain cycles. When water molecules separate, energy is required to break hydrogen bonds. During melting or evaporation, the temperature of either doesn’t rise because the evergy is used to accomplish the phase change. The amount of energy used during these phase changes is returned to the environment when the molecules reform hydrogen bonds as they condense or freeze. Solvents and Solutes Solvents: the dissolving medium of a solution. Ex: Water is the universal solvent. You can dissolve most things in water. Solute: the dissolved particles in a solution. Ex: salt in salt water Solvation: the process that occurs when a solute dissolves. SOLVATION Heterogeneous Aqueous Systems Suspensions: mixtures from which particles settle out upon standing. Ex: sand in water Solid particles in solution Liquid portion Colloids Colloids: heterogeneous mixtures containing particles that are intermediate in size between those of suspensions and true solutions. Tyndall Effect Tyndall Effect the scattering of visible light in all directions. You can see a beam of light passed through a colloid just like a sunbeam in a dusty room. Visible light SMOG TYNDALL EFFECT IS THE REASON YOU SEE SMOG!