Download Tobacco

Tobacco
Facts
A
single puff of tobacco smoke exposes the body
to more that 4,000 chemicals.

Almost all of these make the body unable to work as it
should.
 At
least 43 of the chemicals in tobacco smoke are
known to cause cancer in smokers.

Called carcinogens
 Smoke
 Even
also harms the health of nonsmokers.
smokeless tobacco causes health problems,
including cancer in its users.
Scary Facts
 Smoking
kills more people than AIDS, drug abuse,
car accidents, and murder – combined.
 6,000
teenagers light up every day for the very first
 More
than 3,000 kids become regular smokers each
time.
day.
 Over
430,000 people die each year in the US from
smoking.
What is in Tobacco?
 Nicotine:
tobacco.
is an addictive drug found in

It makes tobacco users crave more
nicotine.

Causes both stimulant & depressant effects:
 Stimulation
for approximately 45-60 minutes.
 Depressant effects if another cigarette is not
used.
What is in Tobacco?
 Tar:
is a thick dark liquid that
forms when tobacco burns.
This liquid covers the lining of the
lungs.

 Carbon
Monoxide: is a colorless,
odorless, poisonous gas produced
when tobacco burns.
http://catrineayrshirecouk.ipage.com/tarbig.jpg
Other Chemicals in Tobacco Smoke:
 Formaldehyde:
irritating acidic gas
that is used in lab disinfectants and
preservatives.
http://www.healthybeautyproject.com/wpcontent/uploads/2011/03/formaldehyde.jpg
 Cyanide:
is a deadly poison.
 Methanol:
a poisonous liquid alcohol, is
known to cause blindness.
Tobacco in Many Forms
 It
comes in several forms:

Smoked or chewed.
Most common is smoked.

 Cigarettes:


Made from shredded tobacco leaves.
Filters in cigarettes can reduce amount of nicotine &
tar in cigarette smoke.
 They
do not help to decrease the amount of carbon
monoxide and other disease-causing chemicals.
Tobacco in Many Forms
 Smokeless
Tobacco:

Two forms of tobacco are placed in the mouth
instead of being smoked.

Chewing Tobacco: Made from compressed, coarsely
ground leaves.

A wad is placed between the cheek and gum, where
it is sucked or chewed.

Snuff: if a finely ground, powdery substance. It is
placed between the lower lip & gum, where it mixes
with saliva and is absorbed.
Tobacco in Many Forms
 Smokeless
smoking.
Tobacco is NOT a safe alternative to

The nicotine is just as harmful & addictive.

Also linked to increased incidence of mouth cancer
and cancers of the esophagus, larynx and
pancreas.
 Also
inflamed gums, bad breath, yellowed teeth, and
stomach ulcers.
Tobacco in Many Forms
 Pipes
& Cigars:

Also use shredded tobacco leaves, some of which
may be flavored.

These smoker usually develop lung cancers less often
because they usually inhale less smoke.

More likely than cigarette smokers to develop
cancers of lip, mouth, tongue and throat.
Tobacco & Your Body
 Nervous
system: Smoking reduces the flow of
oxygen to the brain, possibly leading to a stroke.
 Circulatory
vessels.

system: Smoking weakens the blood
Smoking also causes a fatty buildup that clogs the
blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack or
a stroke.
Tobacco & Your Body
 Respiratory
system: Tar & other chemicals leave a
sticky residue that destroys structures in the lungs.

Also damages the alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the
lungs. This damage causes difficulty in breathing &
prevents oxygen from getting to the rest of the body.

Smokers are 10X more likely than nonsmokers to
develop lung cancer.
Tobacco & Your Body
 Digestive



system: Tobacco causes bad breath.
It stains the teeth & makes them susceptible to
cavities.
Tobacco dulls the taste buds and can cause cancer
of the mouth and throat.
It is also a cause of stomach ulcers.
 Excretory
System: Smoking increases the danger of
bladder cancer.

Smokers have 2X the risk of bladder cancer than
nonsmokers have.
The Costs to Society
 Smokers

pay a high price:
Price of tobacco products
 Pack
of cigarettes now costs $5 W. Virginia, $9 here,
$12.50 in NY.

Cost of health care
 One



MRI scan can cost up to $3000.
In 1965 health warnings began to appear on
cigarette packs.
1971 cigarette advertisements were banned from
radio & TV.
1996 regulations were approved to limit access
persons under 18.
Why Teens Start…
 Pages
282 - 283
Tobacco Addiction
 Addiction:
a physical or psychological need for a
drug or other substance.
 Withdrawal:
unpleasant symptoms that occur
when someone stops using an addictive
substance.

Become anxious, depressed, irritable & tired.
 Nicotine
cause TWO kinds of addiction:
physiological and psychological.
Tobacco Addiction
 Physiological
dependence: a type of addiction in
which the body itself feels a direct need for a
drug. - Nicotine.

This is strong in smokers: Smokers will not feel normal
again until they have another dose of the drug.

As body becomes more accustomed to the drug,
the body needs it more & more often to feel its
effect.
Tobacco Addiction
 Physiological:
 Brain:
Nicotine inhaled from a cigarette reaches the
brain in 20 seconds.

Leads to increased HR and BP.
 Heart:
BPM.
Nicotine increases the HR by as much as 33
Tobacco Addiction
 Psychological:
Is an addiction in which the mind
sends the body the message that it needs more
of a substance.

Habits: smoking after a meal, reading newspaper,
work break, etc.

Feel calmer after smoke, but only feeding the
addiction, not actually calmer.
Short-Term Effects
 Increased
heart rate
 Vasoconstriction
(narrowing of blood vessels)
 Lowered
skin temperature
 Diarrhea
& intestinal cramps
 Restricted
blood flow to the skin – may interfere
with healing & causes premature ageing.
Long-Term Effects
 Heart
& Blood vessels

Cardiovascular disease – heart attacks, stroke,
hypertension

Atherosclerosis & arteriosclerosis
 Hardening

of arteries
Why? Carbon monoxide attaches to hemoglobin –
prevents oxygen from getting to cells.
 (oxygen
attaches to hemoglobin)
Long-Term Effects
 Lungs
–

Emphysema, bronchitis, Cancer, Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
 Chronic

bronchitis & emphysema
Why? Tar build-up on mucus lining – immobilized
cilia.
Emphysema
http://emphysema.org/graphics/emphysema.jpg
http://thekaulmd.info/WebPages/img/emphysema_large.jpg
Long-Term Effects
 Leukoplakia

– chewing tobacco
Leathery, pre-cancerous white patches in
the mouth where a person has repeatedly
used chewing tobacco.
http://www.dentistry.leeds.ac.uk/oralpath/viruses/viral%20infections/340%20im
ages/other%20viral%20images/hairy%20leukoplakia.jpg
http://hardinmd.lib.uiowa.edu/pictures22/cdc/6061_lores.jpg
Long-Term Effects
 Hairy

Tongue – chewing tobacco
Elongation of the papillae on the tongue:
resembles hair.
http://www.riversideonline.com/source/images/image_popup/ww5rn8
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_SUh3PCqo5mg/TJ7nsddFuGI/AAAAAAAAAI
A/6zO9SAclw4I/s1600/black+hairy+tongue.jpg
Effects on Embryo/Fetus

Nicotine is found in breast milk & passes through the
placenta.

High risk of stillbirth & miscarriage

High risk of hearing impairments.

Low birth weight (less than 5.5lbs)

Growth & intellectual deficiencies

More prone to SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

Higher risk of birth defects.
Staying Tobacco Free
 Pages




287 – 291
Saying No to Tobacco - 287
Kicking the habit – 288
Programs that help – 289
How tobacco affects nonsmokers – 290