Download Lung fish

Phylum: Chordata
Super class: Pisces
(Fishes)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
I. Characteristics
A. Most Common
1. Vertebra forms the
vertebral column.
 2. Cranium which protects
the brain.
 3. Endoskeleton, bone or
cartilage.

Life in the water

A. Body plan are well suited for life in the water.
 1. Streamlined shape
 2. Muscular tail
 3. Fins
 4. Gills
 5. Scales have a mucous secretion that protects
the fishes from parasites, If scales are present.
 6. Lateral line – rows of sensory pores that run
the length of the fishes body on each side and
are connected to nerves that pick up vibrations
in the water.
B.
Classes Of Fishes
 1. Agnatha –

Jawless
 2. Chondrichthyes –
Cartilaginous
 3. Osteichthyes Boney
II. Classes of Fishes
A. Agnatha – “jawless” fishes
1. 2 living types – lampreys and hagfishes
lampreys = 17 species;
hagfishes = 43 species.
2. No bony skeleton and no scales.
3. Jawless, Cartilaginous.
4. Has a notochord- remains through life. A
notochord generally develops into a backbone
in most vertebrates.
a) Hagfish
1. Bottom Dwellers
 2. Two Moveable plates
 3. Rough tongue used to pinch off
chunks of flesh of another fish.
 4. Burrows through the body of
dead fishes through gills or anus,
eating all the internal parts.

b) Lamprey
 1.
Spend half it’s life free-living and
half as a parasite.
 2. Uses it’s disk-shaped mouth with
circular rows of sharp teeth to attach
to a host and scraps a hole in the
flesh, secreting a chemical that keeps
the host blood from clotting and feeds
on the blood or fluids that leak out.
 3. External fertilization
Chondrichthyes
B. Chondrichthyes – cartilaginous fishes
1. 225 living species – sharks, skates and rays
2. Plate-like scales called Placoids, tooth like
spines, Very sharp and jagged edges
Skate
Ray
B. Sharks
 1.
Pectoral fins just behind their
head
 2. Mouth with 6-20 rows of teeth that
point outward. (teeth structure
depends on species and feeding
habits)
 3. Olfactory Bulbs – In the brain
region that intercepts smell.
 4. Sensitive to electrical fields
 5. Vision is excellent
 6. Largest brain for it’s body size.
C. Adaptations for
Cartilaginous fishes
 1.
Gills are used for gas
exchange but requires constant
water flow because it does not
have an operculum (gill Cover)
 2. Rectal Gland – remove excess
sodium and chloride ions from the
blood and releases them in to the
rectum for elimination. (urine)
D. Reproduction in Cartilaginous
fishes
 1.
Internal Fertilization
 A. Claspers – Males modified
pelvic fins and used to transfer
sperm into the females body.
 B. Some of the fertilized eggs are
hatched outside the sharks body
and some develop inside the
females body.
 C. No parental care
Osteichthyes
C. Osteichthyes – bony fishes
1. Strong, lightweight bone
2. 30,000 + species
3. 2 sub-classes
a. Ray-finned fishes – Fins have sharp
pointed bones covered with skin.
b. Fleshy-finned fishes
-lung fishes and lobe fishes
1). Lung fish – Lungs
2). Coelocanth – the front fins are
more appendage like, than fin like.
4. External Anatomy of a Boney fish

A. Head, trunk and a tail region.
 B. Operculum – Hard plate, opens at the rear,
covers and protects the gills.
 C. Fins
 1. Caudal – Tail, forward movement
 2. Dorsal – top, Pair, Defense
 3. Anal – below tail, steering
 4. Pelvic – below and behind head,
NAVIGATOR
 5. Pectoral – side of the head region, stopping
D. Skin – Scales cover, protect, growth rings
E. Lateral line – row of sensory pores that detect
vibration in the water.
Estimated Years of Perch
4
3
3
2
2
1
5. Internal Anatomy
Digestive System –
 1. Mouth Pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, intestines, anus
 2. Accessory organs
• A. Liver – produces bile
• B. Gall Bladder – stores bile
• C. Pancreas – releases enzymes
3. Villi – projections in the intestines
that increase the surface area for
absorption.
 A.
6. Circulatory
 A.
Closed system
 B. 2 Chambers,- 1 Atrium and 1 Ventricle.
 C. 4 parts, - Sinus Venosus, Atrium,
Ventricle and Bulbus Arteriosus
 C. Blood Vessels
7. Respiratory and Excretory
functions
Gills – each gills contains filaments where
blood flows across. This arrangement is
called COUNTER CURRENT, it allows more
oxygen to diffuse.
 Gill Rakers – attached to the gills and help
prevent food particles from passing
through the brachial clefts
 B. Kidneys – filter and dissolve chemical
waste from the blood, carried to the urinary
bladder.
 A.
8. Swim Bladder
Bladder that regulates gas for
buoyancy in the fish. (Depth at which
the fish swims)
 A.