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Water Quality Indicators TEMPERATURE TURBIDITY DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) PHOSPHATES BIOINDICATORS pH NITROGEN For each indicator, write only what is underlined. TEMPERATURE •Thermal pollution = adding warm water to cold water. CAUSES OF THERMAL POLLUTION: •Industry (nuclear power plants, paper mills) •Urban Development (storm water runoff, construction, soil erosion) *When temperature of water increases, it does not have the same properties! DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) ORANGE = Oxygen MICKEY MOUSE = Water Fish need Oxygen Less Oxygen = Less fish DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO) TO INCREASE DO: • Much of DO comes from atmosphere • Some of DO comes from photosynthesis TO DECREASE DO: • Add pollution • Add organic waste pH •pH = measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a substance •Tells whether substance is: ACID BASE NEUTRAL pH Measured on scale from 0 to 14 0 = highly acidic (HCl) 7 = neutral (pure water) 14 = highly basic (bleach) Average pH of ocean water = 7.8 pH of natural water = 6.5 – 8.5 Optimal range for life = 6.5 – 8.2 pH pH SOURCES OF LOW pH IN WATER: •Acid rain is cause of acid in thousands of lakes •Burning fossil fuels has increased acid rain EFFECTS OF LOW pH IN WATER: •Low pH directly kills fish •pH < 5, most fish eggs die TURBIDITY •Measures clearness of water •Murky water = greater turbidity •Caused by solids blocking sunlight •Measured using a Secchi disk or turbidity meter TURBIDITY EFFECTS: Clogs fish gills Smothers eggs Makes water unlivable BIO-INDICATORS •Bio-indicators = organisms that help determine health of water. •Presence or absence tells something about the water. BIO-INDICATORS HOW HUMANS AFFECT BIOINDICATORS: Over-fishing Industrial pollution Poor farming practices Adding foreign species