Download Week of Jan. 14-18

Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
Chapter 22 Section 3 pps.561-564
Section: Atmospheric Circulation
1. _________________________
2. The air near the earth’s surface generally flows from the ____________
towards the _____________.
3. Why does air near Earth’s surface flow the way it does?
______________________________________________________________
4. Where do high pressure regions form?
_______________________________________________________________
5. Where do low-pressure regions form?
_______________________________________________________________
THE CORIOLIS EFFECT
_____ 6. The circulation of the atmosphere and of the oceans is affected by
a. the rotation of Earth at the equator.
b. the rotation of Earth on its axis.
c. the rotation of the moon on its axis.
d. seasonal storms.
_____ 7. Earth’s rotation causes its diameter to be
a. greatest through the equator.
b. greatest through the poles.
c. equal through the equator and the poles.
d. greater at the North Pole than at the South Pole.
8. Do points near the equator or points near the poles travel farther and
faster in a day?
_______________________________________________________________
9. Why does air follow a curved path? _________________________________
10. The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due
to earth’s rotation is called the .__________________________
11. What impact does the Coriolis effect have on the winds?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
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Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_______________________________________________________________
12. What determines the path along which the Coriolis effect deflects moving
objects?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
13. In which direction does the Coriolis effect deflect moving objects in the
Northern Hemisphere?
___________________________________________
14. In which direction does the Coriolis effect deflect moving objects in the
Southern Hemisphere? ________________________
15. How does the speed of an object relate to the Coriolis effect?
_______________________________________________________________
16. How do the mass and travel distances of air or ocean currents relate to the
Coriolis effect?
_______________________________________________________________
17. In general, on what type of objects is the Coriolis effect detectable?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
GLOBAL WINDS
_____ 18. What are the three looping patterns of air flow in each hemisphere
called?
a. wind belts
b. convection cells
c. prevailing winds
d. global air flow
_____ 19. wind belt is characterized by prevailing winds that
a. flow in one main direction.
b. flow from the southwest.
c. flow from the northeast.
d. flow in all directions
_____ 20. The prevailing winds that blow from east to west from 30° latitude to
the equator in both hemispheres are called the
a. trade winds.
C. wind belts
b. polar easterlies.
D. westerlies
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The Atmosphere
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____ 21. In the Northern Hemisphere, trade winds flow from the
a. southeast.
b. south.
c. northeast.
d. northwest.
_____ 22. From what direction do trade winds flow in the Southern Hemisphere?
a. the northeast
b. the southeast
c. the north
d. the southwest
_____ 23.
The prevailing winds that blow from west to east through the
contiguous United States are the
a.
b.
c.
d.
trade winds.
doldrums.
polar easterlies.
westerlies
. ____ 24. What are the prevailing winds that blow from east to west between60°
and 90° in both hemispheres?
a. the westerlies
b. the polar easterlies
c. wind belts
d. the trade winds
_____ 25. A stormy region created where the polar easterlies meet warm air from
the westerlies is called a
a. trade wind.
b. doldrum.
c. front.
d. wind belt.
_____ 26. The sun’s rays shift northward and southward during the changing
seasons of the year causing a shift in the position of
a. convection zones and horse latitudes.
b. fronts and trade winds.
c. pressure belts and wind belts.
d. convection zones and pressure belts.
In the space provided, write the
letter of the description that best
matches the term or phrase.
a. narrow bands of winds formed when warm
equatorial air meets the cooler air of the
middle latitudes
b. narrow bands of strong winds that blow in
_____ 26. doldrums
the upper troposphere
_____ 27. horse latitudes
c. bands of winds formed as a result of
density differences between cold polar air
_____ 28. jet streams
and warmer air of the middle latitudes
d. subtropical high-pressure zones with weak
and variable winds
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e. a zone of low pressure at the equator where
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The Atmosphere
the trade wind systems meet
Name ______________________________ Class __________________ Date __________________
_____ 29. subtropical jet streams
_____ 30. polar jet streams
LOCAL WINDS
Use the terms from the list below to complete the sentences that follow. Each term
may be used only once.
valley breeze
breezes
sea breeze
land breeze
mountain breeze
local winds
31. Air movement influenced by local conditions and local temperature variations
often cause ______________________ which are not part of the global wind
belts
32. Gentle winds that extend over distances of less than 100 km are
called______________________
33. As warm air above land rises and cool air from above water moves in to
replace it, a cool wind moving from water to land, called
a,______________________ forms in the afternoon.
34. Overnight, the land offshore cools more rapidly than the water does, and a sea
breeze is replaced by a ______________________ which flows from the cool
land toward the warmer water.
35. During the day in mountainous regions, a gentle breeze called
a______________________ forms when warm air from the valleys move sup
slope.
36. At night in the mountains, cool air descends from the peaks to the valleys,
creating a ______________________
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The Atmosphere
ANSWER KEY
43. olar energy is spread out over a larger area
and so is less intense.
44. Energy at the equator reaches Earth’s
surface at an angle near 90° and is more
intense. Energy reaches the poles at an
angle smaller than 90° and is less intense.
45. When the Northern Hemisphere is tilted
toward the sun it receives more direct
sunlight and temperatures are at their
highest. When the Northern Hemisphere
is tilted away from the sun it receives less
direct sunlight and temperatures are at
their lowest.
46. water vapor stores heat
47. Thinner air at high elevations contains
less water vapor and carbon dioxide to
absorb heat.
48. In the desert there is little water vapor to
hold the heat of the day.
49. Water heats up and cools down slower
than land does, so the temperature of
water changes less than the tempera-ture
of land.
50. B
51. D
52. A
53. A
54. B
55. B
56. The heating of the lower atmosphere is
primarily the result of the distribu-tion of
heat through the troposphere by
convection
57. convection
58. Convection occurs when gases or liquids
are heated unevenly
59. the air becomes less dense and is pushed
by nearby cooler air; the cooler air
becomes warmer, and the cycle repeats.
60. The continuous cycle in which cold air
sinks and warm air rises (convection)
warms Earth’s atmosphere evenly.
61. Warm air is less dense than cool air.It
exerts less pressure than the same volume
of cooler air does. So the atmospheric
pressure is lower beneath a mass of warm
air
62. ense, cool air moves into a low-pressure
region, the less dense, warmer air is
pushed upward. These pressure
differences, which are the result of the
unequal heating that causes convection,
create winds.
ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION
1. pressure differences in the atmosphere
2. from the poles toward the equator
3. air moves from high-pressure regions to
low-pressure regions
4. where cold air sinks toward Earth’s
surface
5. where warm air rises away fromEarth’s
surface
6. B
7. A
8. Points near the equator. Because each
point on Earth makes one complete
rotation every day, points near the equator
travel farther and faster in a day than
points closer to the poles
9. When air moves toward the poles, it
travels east faster than the land beneath it.
As a result, the air follows a curved path
10. Coriolis effect
11. Winds that blow from high-pressure areas
to lower-pressure areas curve as a result of
the Coriolis effect.
12. The Coriolis effect deflects moving
objects along a path that depends on the
speed, latitude, and direction of the object.
13. Objects are deflected to the right in the
Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the
Southern Hemisphere.
14. The faster an object travels, the greater the
Coriolis effect
15. The Coriolis effect noticeably changes the
paths of large masses that travel long
distances.
16. In general, the Coriolis effect is detectable only on objects that move very fast or
that travel long distances.
17. B
18. A
19. A
20. C
21. B
22. D
23. B
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The Atmosphere
ANSWER KEY
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
C
C
E
D
B
A
C
local winds
breezes
`sea breeze
land breeze
valley breeze
mountain breeze
5. The temperature goes in a relatively
smooth curve upward from Sunday’s
temperature to a high on Tuesday, dipping back down by Saturday. No, the
variables are not dependent on one
another. Day of the week does not affect
temperature. Temperature is affected by
Earth’s rotational cycle and by local
weather factors, such as wind,
precipitation, barometric pres-sure, and
proximity to water.
Section Quizzes
Math Skills
SECTION: CHARACTERISTICS OF
THE ATMOSPHERE
1. above 27ºC ; 2 ; 1; all non-zero num-bers
are significant
2. 60 m; 3; 1; zeros at the end of a num-ber
are not significant
3. over 800 km; 1; 3 ; zeros at the end of a
number are not significant (all non-zero
numbers are significant)
4. 150  119 = 31 kph; 2; 1; all non-zero
numbers are significant
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
E
C
A
B
D
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
D
D
C
C
SECTION: SOLAR ENERGY AND
THE ATMOSPHERE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Graphing Skills
1. The graph show the change in temperature in relation to the change in height
of the foehn on the mountain slope.
2. 12ºC / 1,500 m; 18ºC / 900 m;24ºC / 300
m
3. Answers may vary. Sample answer:The
increase in temperature is directly
proportional to the decrease in alti-tude.
The temperature rises 1° C for every 100
m the winds descend the mountain slope.
B
E
A
D
C
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D
A
B
C
B
SECTION: ATMOSPHERIC
CIRCULATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B
A
D
E
C
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
D
C
D
A
C
Chapter Test A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
.
7.
8.
9.
10.
E
A
J
F
I
D
B
C
G
H
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
D
C
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
A
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Holt Earth Science
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The Atmosphere