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Macromolecules
The Chemistry of Carbon
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Carbon is the element of life
Carbon is able to bond to many different elements.
Carbon can bond to other carbons to form very long carbon chains.
Macromolecules
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Think of them as “Giant Molecules”
Macromolecules are made from thousands of smaller molecules
Monomer + Monomer = Polymer
Monomer – A monomer is a single molecule
Polymer –A polymer is a large unit of molecules made by joining monomers together
“Mono” = means ‘one’ or ‘single’
“Poly” = means “many”
Note: Many monomers put together make polymers
An example would be the way one paper clip put together with others would make a chain of paper clips
Polymer
monomer
CABOHYDRATES
Compounds made of: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
Used for: Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of energy
Monomer: The single monomer unit that is put together to make carbohydrates is called a Monosaccharide
Example: an example of a carbohydrate is SUGAR
Lipids
Lipids are compounds made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
Used for: Lipids are used for energy storage and protective layers
Monomer: The single monomer unit that is put together to make lipids is called: fatty acids
Example:
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Lipids are not soluble in water.
(this means that they will not dissolve in water.)
Nucleic Acids
Compounds made of: Carbons, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Phosphorous
Used for: Nucleic acids store hereditary and genetic information in the form of DNA
Monomer: The single unit of Nucleic Acid is called a nucleotide
Example: an example of a nucleic acid would be DNA
Proteins
Compounds: Protein compounds are made of: Carbons, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen
Used for: Proteins are used to create chemical reactions
Monomer: The single monomer unit that makes up protein is called Amino Acid
Example: An example of a protein would be an Enzyme