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Comparative Genomics Of The Compositae With An Emphasis On Disease Resistance In Lettuce. Richard Michelmore, The Genome Center, University of California, Davis, USA The Compositae is one of the largest and most diverse families of flowering plants, comprising 10% of all known Angiosperm species. The family is cosmopolitan, occupies diverse ecological niches, and produces numerous biologically and economically important secondary chemicals, e.g. rubber and insecticides. The Compositae contains over 40 major and minor crops, including lettuce (one of the top ten US crops) and sunflower (one of the world’s most important oilseed crops), as well as many noxious weeds and species with novel biochemistries. The Compositae Genome Project (CGP; http://compgenomics.ucdavis.edu) is exploiting the crop and weed diversity in the Compositae to examine the genetic changes underlying parallel phenotypic changes that have accompanied the origins of multiple crops and weeds. Over the past ten years the CGP has been developing genomics resources for the family. The initial focus was on EST sequencing, particularly for lettuce and sunflower. These efforts were expanded to include 21 species, resulting in over 848,000 ESTs. Current efforts include complete transcriptome analysis of an additional 25 species as well as gene space sequencing of key species using next-generation sequencing. Over 35,000 unigenes were identified in lettuce and used to construct a high density Affymetrix oligonucleotide array. This was used to analyze the segregation of Single Position Polymorphisms in a core mapping population of Recombinant Inbred Lines, resulting in an ultra-dense, transcript-based genetic map of lettuce containing over 13,000 unigenes as well as to assess allelic variation across diverse germplasm of Lactuca spp. This map has been used to identify candidate genes for numerous traits of agricultural importance, particularly disease resistance. RNAi is being used for functional validation of candidate genes for disease resistance. The ultra-dense map will also provide a scaffold for ordering and validation of genome assemblies.