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Mariculture The husbandry of marine or saltwater organisms Major Species of Fish (KY) • • • • • • • • 1st Catfish Prawn (Freshwater) Trout Large Mouth Bass Hybrid Striped Bass Paddlefish Musky Baitfish Minor Species (KY) • • • • • • • Walleye Common Carp Yellow Perch Tilapia Crappie Crayfish Hybrid Bluegill External Anatomy 1. Lateral Line – sensory organ that senses water currents, pressure, and movement in the water 2. Operculum – a bony flap-like protective gill cover 3. Scales – a plate-like protective covering of the skin 4. Caudal Fin – the tail fin of fish, provides thrust/movement 5. Pectoral Fin – the chest fins, provides maneuvering 6. Pelvic Fin – the hip fins, provides maneuvering 7. Dorsal Fin – the back fin, provides maneuvering 8. Nostrils/ Nares – opening of the nasal cavity, detects odors in water (feed/danger) 9. Vent – an external opening to the digestive and reproductive tract Internal Anatomy 1. Swim Bladder – (air bladder) an internal, inflatable gas bladder that enables a fish to regulate its buoyancy 2. Gills – an internal organ used in respiration and excretion 3. Liver – internal organ that breaks down fat, stores fat and carbohydrates, excretes waste, and maintains proper blood chemistry 4. Gonads – the reproductive organs, testes or ovaries Catfish Production 1. Catfish is the largest enterprise of all aquacultural 2. 3. 4. 5. products. Today there are over 150,000 acres of catfish ponds in the United States. They are raised in the southern part of the U.S. because they are warm-water fish. Warm-water fish grow best in water temperatures around 85 degrees. Mississippi leads the nation in catfish production. Broodfish • The production of catfish begins with the breeding process. (Selective Breeding) • Brood fish range from 3 to 5 lbs. • Brood ponds are used to keep fish that are used to breed and lay eggs. Roe/Eggs • The female catfish lays approximately 10,000 eggs. called “roe” at a time. • Next, the male fertilizes the eggs by depositing sperm into the mass of eggs. • Egg hatching occurs in 7 to 8 days. Fry • After eggs hatch, the small fish are called “fry”. • Up to 1 inch length • From birth to 4 to 8 months Fingerlings • Fry develop into fingerlings • 4 to 8 months • Fingerlings are 1 to 8 inches Stockers • Fingerlings develop into “stockers” • Stockers are ¾ of a pound. Foodfish • Stockers develop into foodfish • 1 to 2 pounds • Selected fish are then taken to market Broodfish • Choice foodfish males and females are kept for breeding purposes. • These are known as broodfish • Cycle begins again.