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Curriculum Vita Tommy D. Dickey Ocean Physics Laboratory University of California, Santa Barbara 6487 Calle Real, Suite A Goleta, CA 93117 Phone: 805 893-7354 FAX: 805 967-5704 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.opl.ucsb.edu Education B.S./B.A. Physics/Math, Ohio University, 1968 M.S. Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1972 (completed while in U.S. Coast Guard) M.A. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Princeton University, 1975 Ph.D. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Princeton University, 1977 Positions Held Instructor, U.S. Coast Guard (military service: taught electronics and human relations), 1969-1973 Part-time Instructor Math and Physics, New York Institute of Technology, 1972-1973 Research Assistant, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, 1973-1977 Rosenstiel Fellow, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 1977-1978 Professor (Assistant to Full), Department of Geological Sciences, Institute for Marine and Coastal Studies, Hancock Institute for Marine Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), 1978-1996 Co-Director & Co-Founder of USC’s Hancock Institute for Marine Sciences (with Patricia Kremer), 1995-1996 Professor (VII-Off-scale) Department of Geography and Graduate Program in Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, 1996-present Cumulative List of Publications 1 YR 1978 2 1979 3 1980 4 1981 5 1981 6 1981 7 1983 8 1983 TITLE and AUTHOR “A note on the effect of zonal boundaries on equatorial waves,” Dickey, T.D. “The Kolmogoroff ‘r2/3 law’", Dickey, T.D. and G.L. Mellor “Decaying turbulence in neutral and stratified fluids,” Dickey, T.D. and G.L. Mellor “The relationship between downward irradiance and upper ocean structure,” Simpson, J.J. and T.D. Dickey “Alternative parameterizations of downward irradiance and their dynamical significance,” Simpson, J.J. and T.D. Dickey Elements of Oceanography Study Guide, Pipkin, B.W., D.S. Gorsline, D.J. Bottjer, and T.D. Dickey. PUBLISHER J. Geophys. Res., 73, 3675-3678 Phys. Fluids, 22, 1029-1032 J. Fluid Mech., 99, 13-31 J. Phys. Ocean., 11, 309-323 J. Phys. Ocean., 11, 876-882 CATEGORY Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article Star Publishing Co., 61pp “The sensitivity of upper ocean structure to time varying wind direction,” Dickey, T.D. and J.J. Simpson “The influence of optical water type on the diurnal response of the upper ocean,” Dickey, T.D. and J.J. Simpson Geophys. Res. Lett., 10, 133-136. Tellus, 35, 142-151 Unrefereed Study Guide Book Refereed Article Refereed Article 1 9 1984 10 1984 11 1984 12 1984 13 1984 14 1984 15 1986 16 1986 17 1986 18 1986 19 1987 20 1987 21 1988 22 1988 23 1988 24 1989 25 1989 26 1989 “A laboratory technique for investigating the relationship between gas transfer and fluid turbulence,” Dickey, T.D., B. Hartman, D. Hammond, and E. Hurst “Observations and simulation of a bottom Ekman layer on a continental shelf,” Dickey, T.D. and J.C. Van Leer “Measurement of fluid flow using streak photography,” Dickey, T.D., B. Hartman, E. Hurst, and S. Isenogle Gas Transfer at Water Surfaces, 93-100 Refereed Book Chapter J. Geophys. Res., 89, 1983-1988 Amer. J. Physics, 52, 216-219 Refereed Article Refereed Article “An offshore eddy in the California Current System: Preface,” Simpson, J.J., C.J. Koblinsky, L.R. Haury, and T.D. Dickey “An offshore eddy in the California Current System: Part I, Interior dynamics,” Simpson, J.J., T.D. Dickey, and C.J. Koblinsky “An offshore eddy in the California Current System: Part II, Surface manifestation,” Koblinsky, C.J., J.J. Simpson, and T.D. Dickey “Variability of net longwave radiation over the eastern North Pacific Ocean,” Siegel, D.A. and T.D. Dickey “Observations of optical features associated with thermohaline structures,” Dickey, T.D., D.A. Siegel, A. Bratkovich, and L. Washburn Prog. in Oceanogr., 13, 1-4 Refereed Article Prog. in Oceanogr., 13, 5-50 Refereed Article Prog. in Oceanogr., 13, 51-69 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7657-7666 Ocean Optics, VIII, 308-313 Refereed Article Unrefereed Article “The Biowatt bio-optical and physical moored measurement program,” Dickey, T., E. Hartwig, and J. Marra “Effects of sensor characteristics on the inferred vertical structure of the diffuse attenuation coefficient spectrum,” Siegel, D.A., C.R. Booth, and T.D. Dickey “Observations of the vertical structure of the diffuse attenuation coefficient spectrum,” Siegel, D.A. and T.D. Dickey “On the parameterization of irradiance for ocean photoprocesses,” Siegel, D.A. and T.D. Dickey “Recent advances and future directions in multidisciplinary in situ oceanographic measurement systems,” Dickey, T.D. EOS, 67, 650 Unrefereed Article Ocean Optics, VIII, 115-124 Unrefereed Article Deep-Sea Res., 34, 547-563 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 92, 14,648-14,662 Toward a Theory on Biological-Physical Interactions in the World Ocean, 555598 Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution, 5, 43-48 Ocean Optics, IX, 6774 EOS, 70, 82-85 Refereed Article Refereed Book Chapter “Physical and biological variability near the White's Point ocean outfall,” Siegel, D., B. Jones, T. Dickey, I. Haydock, and A. Bratkovich “Characterization of downwelling spectral irradiance fluctuations,” Siegel, D.A. and T.D. Dickey “GLOBEC - Global Ecosystem Dynamics,” GLOBEC Editorial Committee “Simulated behavior of drilling mud discharges off southern California,” Brandsma, M., R. Kolpack, T. Dickey, and B. Balcom “The physical basis for recruitment variability in fish populations,” Rothschild, B.J., T.R. Osborn, T.D. Dickey, and D.M. Farmer 2 Oceanic Processes in Marine Pollution, 6, 169-186 Journal du Conseil Intern. de l'Explor. de la Mer, 45, 136-145 Refereed Book Chapter Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Book Chapter Refereed Article 27 1989 28 1989 29 1990 30 1990 31 1990 32 1990 33 1990 34 1990 35 1990 36 1990 37 1990 38 1991 39 1991 40 1991 “Optical determination of particulate abundance and production variations in the oligotrophic ocean,” Siegel, D.A., T.D. Dickey, L. Washburn, M.K. Hamilton, and B.G. Mitchell “Isopycnal mixing and the distribution of optical properties across the North Pacific Subtropical Front,” Washburn, L., D.A. Siegel, T.D. Dickey, and M.K. Hamilton “Nutrients and mixing, chlorophyll, and phytoplankton growth,” Marra, J., Bidigare, R.R., and T.D. Dickey “Evidence for phytoplankton succession and chromatic adaptation in the Sargasso Sea during springtime 1985,” Bidigare, R.R., J. Marra, T.D. Dickey, R. Iturriaga, K.S. Baker, R.C. Smith, and H. Pak “Mesoscale eddy diffusion, particle sinking, and the interpretation of sediment trap data,” Siegel, D.A., T.C. Granata, A.F. Michaels, and T.D. Dickey “Meridional variations of the springtime phytoplankton community in the Sargasso Sea,” Siegel, D.A., R. Iturriaga, R.R. Bidigare, R.C. Smith, H. Pak, T.D. Dickey, J. Marra, and K.S. Baker Deep-Sea Res., 36, 211-222 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res., 36, 1607-1620 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res., 37, 127-143 Mar. Ecol. Progr. Ser., 60, 113-122 Refereed Article Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5305-5311. Refereed Article J. Mar. Res., 48, 379-412 Refereed Article “Variability of physical, chemical, and biological parameters in the vicinity of an ocean outfall plume,” Jones, B., A. Bratkovich, T. Dickey, G. Kleppel, A. Steele, R. Iturriaga, and I. Haydock “Physical-optical-biological scales relevant to recruitment in large marine ecosystems,” Dickey, T.D. Stratified Flows, 877-890 Refereed Book Chapter Large Marine Ecosystems: Patterns, Processes, and Yields, 82-98 Limnol. and Oceanogr., 35, 14151428 Refereed Book Chapter Ocean Optics, X, 214-224 Unrefereed Article Ocean Optics, X, 202-213 Unrefereed Article Proc. of Seventh Symp. on Coastal and Ocean Management, 86-100 EOS, 72, 577, 581 Unrefereed Article “The physical strength of marine snow and its implications for particle disaggregation processes in the ocean,” Alldredge, A.L., T.C. Granata, C.C. Gotshalk, and T.D. Dickey “Diel variations of bio-optical properties in the Sargasso Sea,” Hamilton, M., T.C. Granata, T.D. Dickey, J.D. Wiggert, D.A. Siegel, J. Marra, and C. Langdon “Time series observations of bio-optical properties in the upper layer of the Sargasso Sea,” Dickey, T. Granata, M. Hamilton, J. Wiggert, J. Marra, C. Langdon, and D.A. Siegel “Moored systems for time series observations of biooptical and physical variability in the coastal zone,” Dickey, T.D. and D.V. Manov “Global survey of bio-optical properties,” Marra, J., T. Dickey, and J. Mueller “The fluid mechanics of copepod feeding in a turbulent flow: a theoretical approach,” Granata, T.C. and T.D. Dickey 3 Progr. in Oceanogr., 26, 243-261 Refereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article 41 1991 42 1991 43 1992 44 1992 45 1992 46 1992 47 1993 48 1993 49 1993 50 1993 51 1993 52 1993 53 1993 54 1993 55 1993 “Concurrent high resolution bio-optical and physical time series observations in the Sargasso Sea during the spring of 1987,” Dickey, T., J. Marra, T. Granata, C. Langdon, M. Hamilton, J. Wiggert, D. Siegel, and A. Bratkovich “The emergence of concurrent high resolution physical and bio-optical measurements in the upper ocean and their applications,” Dickey, T. “Short-term variations of the bio-optical properties of the ocean in response to cloud-induced irradiance fluctuations,” Stramska, M. and T.D. Dickey “Estimation of seasonal primary production from moored optical sensors in the Sargasso Sea,” Marra, J., T. Dickey, W.S. Chamberlin, C. Ho, T. Granata, D.A. Kiefer, C. Langdon, R. Smith, R. Bidigare, and M. Hamilton “Variability of bio-optical properties in the upper ocean associated with diel cycles in phytoplankton population,” Stramska, M. and T.D. Dickey “Mixing, dispersion, and resuspension in the vicinity of an ocean wastewater plume,” Washburn, L., B.H. Jones, A. Bratkovich, T.D. Dickey, and M.-S. Chen J. Geophys. Res., 96, 8643-8663 Refereed Article Rev. of Geophys., 29, 383-413 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 97, 5713-5721 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7399-7412 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 97, 17,873-17,887 Refereed Article J. Hydraul. Eng., 118, 38-58 Refereed Article “Seasonal variability of bio-optical and physical properties in the Sargasso Sea,” Dickey, T., T. Granata, J. Marra, C. Langdon, J. Wiggert, Z. Chai-Jochner, M. Hamilton, J. Vazquez, M. Stramska, R. Bidigare, and D. Siegel “An experiment in duplex communication with a multivariable moored system in coastal waters,” Dickey, T.D., R.H. Douglass, D. Manov, and D. Bogucki “Estimates of local vorticity in mesoscale systems,” Granata, T., T. Dickey, M. Estrada, and A. Castellon J. Geophys. Res., 98, 865-898 Refereed Article J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech, 10, 637-644 Refereed Article Mixing in Geophysical Flows, 71-82 J. Mar. Res., 51, 819-842 J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3361-3371 Refereed Book Chapter Proc. of the Ocean Climate Data Workshop, 317-352 Unrefereed Article Sea Technology, August, 1993, 47-53 U.S. JGOFS Planning and Coordination Office, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 180pp GLOBEC International, Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, 99pp Unrefereed Article Planning Report “Phytoplankton bloom and the vertical thermal structure of the upper ocean,” Stramska, M. and T. Dickey “The effect of temporal undersampling on primary production estimates,” Wiggert, J., T. Dickey, and T. Granata “Automated in situ observations of upper ocean biogeochemistry, bio-optics, and physics and their potential use for global studies,” Dickey, T.D., T.C. Granata, and I. Taupier-Letage “Technology and related developments for interdisciplinary global studies,” Dickey, T. U.S. JGOFS Planning Report: Bio-optics in U.S. JGOFS,” Dickey, T. and D. Siegel (eds.) GLOBEC Report No. 3, Sampling and Observing Systems, Dickey, T. (ed.) 4 Refereed Article Refereed Article Planning Report 56 1994 57 1994 58 1994 59 1994 60 1995 61 1995 62 1995 63 1995 64 1996 65 1996 66 1996 67 1997 68 1997 69 1997 70 1997 71 1997 “Determination of longwave heat flux at the air-sea interface using measurements from buoy platforms,” Dickey, T., D. Manov, R. Weller, and D. Siegel “Modeling phytoplankton dynamics in the northeast Atlantic during the initiation of the spring bloom,” Stramska, M. and T. Dickey “Bio-optical and physical variability in the sub-arctic North Atlantic Ocean during the spring of 1989,” Dickey, T., J. Marra, M. Stramska, C. Langdon, T. Granata, R. Weller, A. Plueddemann, and J. Yoder “Light scattering induced by turbulent flow,” Bogucki, D, A. Domaradzki, R. Zaneveld, and T. Dickey “The vertical structure of the upper ocean during the Marine Light-Mixed Layer experiment,” Plueddemann, A.J., R.A. Weller, M. Stramska, T.D. Dickey, and J. Marra J. Atmos. and Oceanic Tech., 11, 1057-1078 J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,241-10,253 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,541-22,556 Refereed Article Ocean Optics, XII, 247-255 J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6605-6619 Unrefereed Article Refereed Article “Bio-optical variability associated with phytoplankton dynamics in the North Atlantic,” Stramska, M., T. Dickey, J. Marra, A. Plueddemann, C. Langdon, and R. Weller “Trapped near-inertial waves and enhanced chlorophyll distributions,” Granata, T., J. Wiggert, and T. Dickey “Zooplankton variability on the equator at 140° W during the JGOFS EqPac study,” Roman, M.R., H.G. Dam, A.L. Gauzens, J. Urban-Rich, D.G. Foley, and T.D. Dickey “A decade of interdisciplinary process studies,” Dickey, T. and B.H. Jones “Emerging technologies in biological, chemical, optical, and physical sampling of the ocean,” Dickey, T. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 6621-6632 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 100, 20,793-20,804 Deep-Sea Res. II, 42, 673-693 Refereed Article Refereed Article Ocean Optics, XIII, 254-259 International Workshop on Biological and Chemical Data Management, Hamburg, Germany, Proc. of the N. Amer. Water and Environ. Cong. Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article EOS, 78, 117, 120121 Unrefereed Article J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 1181-1196 Refereed Article GLOBEC International Special Contributions, No. 2 Sea Technology, April, 81-86 J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25,061-25,071 Planning Report “Comparison of near-field dilutions from in situ measurements and simulated dilutions at the Sand Island, HI sewage outfall plume,” Petrenko, A.A., B.H. Jones, T.D. Dickey, and P.J.W. Roberts “Moored instruments weather Arabian Sea monsoons yield data,” Rudnick, D.L., R.A. Weller, C.C. Eriksen, T.D. Dickey, J. Marra, and C. Langdon “Sediment resuspension and mixing through resonantlygenerated internal solitary waves,” Bogucki, D., T. Dickey, and L. Redekopp “An Advanced Modeling/Observation System (AMOS) for Physical-Biological-Chemical Ecosystem Research and Monitoring,” Robinson, A.R. and T.D. Dickey (eds.) “Bermuda sensor system testbed, Dickey, T.D., D. Frye, H.W. Jannasch, E. Boyle, and A.H. Knap “Effects of a sewage plume on the biology, optical characteristics, and particle size distributions of coastal waters,” Petrenko, A.A., B.H. Jones, T.D. Dickey, M. LeHaitre, and C. Moore 5 Refereed Article Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article 72 1997 73 1997 74 1998 75 1998 76 1998 77 1998 78 1998 79 1998 80 1998 81 1998 82 1998 83 1998 “Emerging interdisciplinary technologies in biological, chemical, optical, and physical sampling of the oceans,” Dickey, T. “Uses of offshore platforms,” Dickey, T. NOAA Technical Report NESDIS 87, 115-124 Role of Offshore Platforms in Environmental & Coastal Research, 50 pp., Nansen Environmental & Remote Sensing Center & the University of Bergen Unrefereed Report “Current and water property measurements in the coastal ocean,” Dickey, T., A. Plueddemann, and R. Weller “Upper-ocean temperature response to Hurricane Felix as measured by the Bermuda Testbed Mooring,” Dickey, T., D. Frye, J. McNeil, D. Manov, N. Nelson, D. Sigurdson, H. Jannasch, D. Siegel, T. Michaels, and R. Johnson “Shape and near-field dilution of the Sand Island sewage plume: observations compared to model results,” Petrenko, A.A., B.H. Jones, and T.D. Dickey “Initial results from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring Program,” Dickey, T., D. Frye, H. Jannasch, E. Boyle, D. Manov, D. Sigurdson, J. McNeil, M. Stramska, A. Michaels, N. Nelson, D. Siegel, G. Chang, J. Wu, and A. Knap “Short-term variability of the underwater light field in the oligotrophic ocean in response to surface waves and clouds,” Stramska, M. and T.D. Dickey “Longwaves and primary production in the central equatorial Pacific at 0, 140°W,” Foley, D.G., T.D. Dickey, M.J. McPhaden, R.R. Bidigare, M.R. Lewis, R.T. Barber, S.T. Lindley, C. Garside, D.V. Manov, and J.D. McNeil “Seasonal variability of bio-optical and physical properties in the Arabian Sea: October 1994 - October 1995,” Dickey, T., J. Marra, D.E. Sigurdson, R.A. Weller, C.S. Kinkade, S.E. Zedler, J.D. Wiggert, and C. Langdon “Sediment resuspension in the wakes of Hurricanes Edouard and Hortense,” Dickey, T.D., G.C. Chang, Y.C. Agrawal, A.J. Williams, 3rd, and P.S. Hill “Influence of mesoscale eddies on new production in the Sargasso Sea,” McGillicuddy, D.J., A.R. Robinson, D.A. Siegel, H.W. Jannasch, R. Johnson, T.D. Dickey, J.D. McNeil, A.F. Michaels, and A.H. Knap “High temporal resolution spectral absorption measurements during the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey The Sea, Chapter 14, 367-398 Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 1195-1201 Refereed Book Chapter Refereed Article J. Hydraul. Eng., 124, 565-571 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 771-794 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. I, 45, 1393-1410 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II, 44, 1801-1826 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II, 45, 2001-2025 Refereed Article Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3533-3536 Refereed Article Nature, 394, 263-266 Refereed article Ocean Optics, XIV Unrefereed Article 6 Unrefereed Report 84 1998 “Report of the First Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) Workshop,” Dickey, T., N. Bates, R. Byrne, F. Chavez, R. Feely, C. Moore, and R. Wanninkhof 85 1998 “Internal solitary waves and optical variability during the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment,” G. Chang, Dickey, T., J. McNeil, M. Levine, L. Redekopp, D. Bogucki, and T. Boyd 86 1998 87 1999 “Variability in primary production as observed from moored sensors in the central Arabian Sea in 1995,” Marra, J., T.D. Dickey, C. Ho, C.S. Kinkade, D.E. Sigurdson, R.A. Weller, and R.T. Barber “Report of the Second Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) Workshop,” Dickey, T., R. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, F. Chavez, N. Bates, R. Byrne, E. Kaltenbacher, and C. Moore 88 1999 89 1999 90 1999 91 1999 92 1999 “Report of the First HyCODE Data Management and Distribution Workshop,” Dickey, T., S. Ackleson, R. Arnone, P. Bissett, J. Donovan, S. Glenn, W. Hou, W. McBride, O. Schofield, J. Smart, and W. Snyder 93 1999 “Towards new platform technology for sustained observations,” Griffiths, G., R. Davis, C. Eriksen, D. Frye, P. Marchand, and T. Dickey “New chemical, bio-optical, and physical observations of upper ocean response to the passage of a mesoscale eddy off Bermuda,” McNeil, J.D., H.W. Jannasch, T. Dickey, D. McGillicuddy, M. Brzezinski, and C.M. Sakamoto “Partitioning in situ total spectral absorption by use of moored spectral absorption-attenuation meters,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey “Diel bio-optical variability in the Arabian Sea as observed from moored sensors,” Kinkade, C.S., J. Marra, T.D. Dickey, C. Langdon, D.E. Sigurdson, and R. Weller “Preliminary observations of optical variability associated with internal solitary waves during the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey 7 Report of the First Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (OSCOPE) Workshop Ocean Optics, XIV Workshop Report Deep-Sea Res. II, 45, 2253-2267 Refereed Article Report of the Second Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (OSCOPE) Workshop J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15,537-15,548 Workshop Report Appl. Optics, 38, 3876-3887 Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II, 47, 1813-1832 Refereed Article WHOI/ONR Internal Solitary Wave Workshop, eds. T.F. Duda and D.M. Farmer, Woods Hole Technical Report WHOI-99-07, 65-68 Report of the First HyCODE Data Management and Distribution Workshop OCEAN OBS 99, Intern. Conf. on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint-Raphael, France Unrefereed article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article Workshop Report Unrefereed Article 94 1999 “Real-time forecasting of the multidisciplinary coastal ocean with the Littoral Ocean Observing and Predicting System (LOOPS),” Robinson, A.R., J.G. Bellingham, C. Chryssostomidis, T.D. Dickey, E. Levine, N. Petrikalakis, D.L. Porter, B.J. Rothschild, H. Schmidt, K. Sherman, D.V. Holliday, and D.K. Atwood Proceedings of the Third Conference on Coastal Atmospheric and Oceanic Prediction Processes, New Orleans, LA, American Meteorological Society Unrefereed Article 95 1999 LOOPS MBST-98 Data Report, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 1999 Data Report 96 1999 “LOOPS Massachusetts Bay Sea trial preliminary data report and data inventory: August - October 1998,” Robinson, A.R., J. Bellingham, T. Dickey, A. Gangopadhyay, D.V. Holliday, E. Levine, D. Porter, and K. Sherman “Oceanographic time-series observatories,” Send, U., R. Weller, S. Cunningham, C. Eriksen, T. Dickey, M. Kawabe, R. Lukas, M. McCartney, and S. Osterhus, Unrefereed Article 97 1999 “Recent advances in interdisciplinary technologies,” Dickey, T. 98 2000 99 2000 100 2000 J. Mar. Res., 57, 933966 Refereed Article 101 2000 Oceanography, 13, 12-23 Refereed Article 102 2000 Oceanography, 13, 24-34 Refereed Article 103 2000 Deep-Sea Res. II, 47, 1353-1385 Refereed Article 104 2000 “Autosub experiment near Bermuda,” Griffiths, G., A. Knap, and T. Dickey “Internal tidal effects on sewage plume near Sand Island, HI,” Petrenko, A.A., B.H. Jones, T.D. Dickey, and P. Hamilton “A seasonal succession of physical-biological interaction mechanisms in the Sargasso Sea,” Wiggert, J., T. Granata, T. Dickey, and J. Marra “Operational observation networks for ports, a large estuary, and an open shelf,” Glenn, S.M., W. Boicourt, B. Parker, and T.D. Dickey “Long-term real-time coastal ocean observation networks,” Glenn, S.M., T.D. Dickey, B. Parker, and W. Boicourt “The northeast monsoon's impact on mixing, phytoplankton biomass, and nutrient cycling in the Arabian Sea,” Wiggert, J., B. Jones, T. Dickey, K. Brink, R. Weller, J. Marra, and L.A. Codispoti, “Emerging interdisciplinary technologies and their potential utilization in the Global Ocean Observing System,” Dickey, T. OCEAN OBS 99 Intern. Conf. on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint-Raphael, France, October 1822, 1999 OCEAN OBS 99 Intern. Conf. on the Ocean Observing System for Climate, Saint-Raphael, France, October 1822, 1999 Sea Tech., February 2000 Cont. Shelf Res., 20, 1-13 Oceanology 2000, Brighton, UK, March, 2000 Unrefereed Article 8 Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article 105 2000 “Chemical sensor technology - Current and future applications,” Tokar, J.M. and T.D. Dickey Chemical Sensors in Oceanography,” Gordon and Breach Scientific Publishers, Amsterdam, 303-329, 2000 Refereed Book Chapter 106 2000 “Interdisciplinary observations from moorings and autonomous underwater vehicles: recent advances and a look toward the future,” T. Dickey Unrefereed Article 107 2000 108 2000 2001 110 2001 Proc. Ocean Optics XV, Monte Carlo, Monaco, October. Fifth Symposium on Integrated Observing Systems, Proc. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9435-9453. Unrefereed Article 109 111 2001 “An intercomparison of current measurements using a VMCM, an ADCP, and a recently developed acoustic current meter,” Gilboy, T.P., T.D. Dickey, D.E. Sigurdson, X. Yu, and D. Manov “High temporal resolution optical and physical time series data: Coastal Mixing and Optics and LEO-15,” Chang, G., T. Dickey, O. Schofield, and P. Bissett “A review of the NOPP Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) project, Dickey, T., N. Bates, R. Byrne, F. Chavez, R. Feely, C. Moore, and R. Wanninkhof “Optical and physical variability on time-scales from minutes to the seasonal cycle on the New England shelf: July 1996 - June 1997,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey “Towards new platform technology for sustained observations,” Griffiths, G., R. Davis, C. Eriksen, D. Frye, P. Marchand, T. Dickey, and R. Weller The Eastern Mediterranean Climatic Transient, Its Origin, Evolution and Impact on the Ecosystem, CIESM Workshop Series, Trieste, Italy, 47-50 J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 561-574 Refereed Book Chapter 112 2001 Observing the Ocean for Climate in the 21st Century, C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith (Eds.), GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, 324-337. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48, 2105-2140. 113 2001 J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9517-9531 Refereed Article 114 2001 J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9509-9516. Refereed Article “Physical and biogeochemical variability from hours to years at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: June 1994 March 1998,” Dickey, T., S. Zedler, X. Yu, S.C. Doney, D. Frye, H. Jannasch, D. Manov, D. Sigurdson, J.D. McNeil, L. Dobeck, T. Gilboy, C. Bravo, D.A. Siegel, and N. Nelson. “Sediment resuspension over a continental shelf during Hurricanes Edouard and Hortense,” Chang, G.C., T.D. Dickey, and A.J. Williams, 3rd “Spectral particulate attenuation and particle size distribution in the bottom boundary layer of a continental shelf,” Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, W.D. Gardner, J.R.V. Zaneveld, A.H. Barnard, M.S. Twardowski, G.C. Chang, and T.D. Dickey 9 Refereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article 115 2001 “Inherent optical properties and irradiance,” Dickey, T. 116 2001 117 2001 “An annual cycle of phytoplankton biomass in the Arabian Sea, 1994-1995, as determined by moored optical sensors,” Kinkade, C.S., J. Marra, T.D. Dickey, and R. Weller “Oceanographic Timeseries Observatories,” Send, U., B. Weller, S. Cunningham, C. Eriksen, T. Dickey, M. Kawabe, R. Lukas, M. McCartney, and S. Osterhus, 2001 118 2001 119 2001 120 2001 121 2001 122 2001 123 2001 124 2002 125 2002 126 2002 127 2002 “Interdisciplinary ocean process studies on the New England shelf,” Dickey, T.D. and A.J. Williams III “Modelling water column structure and suspended particulate matter on the Middle Atlantic continental shelf during passage of Hurricanes Edouard and Hortense,” Souza, A. J., T.D. Dickey, and G.C. Chang “The role of new technology in advancing ocean biogeochemical research,” Dickey, T. Note: paper was previously titled “New technologies for JGOFS” “Recent advances and future visions: temporal variability of optical and bio-optical properties of the ocean,” Dickey, T. and G. Chang; paper was formerly called “Insights from bio-optical time series” “For observing world's oceans: emerging sensors and systems,” Dickey, T. “Advances in autonomous biogeochemical observations,” Dickey, T. “The application of autonomous underwater vehicles for interdisciplinary measurements in Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays,” Yu, X., T. Dickey, J. Bellingham, D. Manov, and K. Streilein “Moored observations of upper ocean response to the monsoons in the Arabian Sea during 1994-1995,” R. Weller, A.S. Fischer, D.L. Rudnick, C.E. Eriksen, T. Dickey, J. Marra, C. Fox, and R. Leben “Variability of the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient with consideration of inelastic scattering,” Zheng, X., T. Dickey, and G. Chang “Nearshore physical processes and bio-optical properties in the New York Bight,” Chang, G.C., T.D. Dickey, O. Schofield, A.D. Weidemann, E. Boss, W.S. Pegau, M. Moline, and S.M. Glenn 10 Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe, and K.K. Turekian (Eds.), Academic Press, Orlando, 13131323. Deep-Sea Res. II, 48, 1285-1301. Refereed Book Chapter Observing the Ocean for Climate in the 21st Century, C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith (Eds.), GODAE, Bureau of Meteorology, Australia, Melbourne, Australia, 376-390. J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9427-9434 J. Mar. Res., 59, 1021-1045. Refereed Book Chapter Oceanography, 14(4), 108-120. Refereed Article Oceanography, 14(3), 15-29. Refereed Article Sea Technology, 42(12), 10-16. U.S. JGOFS Newsletter, June, 2001 Cont. Shelf Res., 22, 2225-2245. Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article Deep Sea Res. II, 49, 2195-2230. Refereed Article Appl. Opt., 41(30), 6477-6488. Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., 107(C9), 3133, doi:10.1029/2001JC0 01018. Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article Refereed Article 128 2002 “Solar energy and its biological-physical interactions in the sea,” Dickey, T. and P. Falkowski 129 2002 “A vision of oceanographic instrumentation and technology in the early 21st century,” T. Dickey 130 2002 “Analysis and simulations of the upper ocean's response to Hurricane Felix at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring site: August 13-23, 1995,” J. Zedler, S.E., T.D. Dickey, S.C. Doney, J.F. Price, X. Yu, and G.L. Mellor, 2003 131 2002 132 2002 133 2003 134 2003 135 2003 136 2003 “Hydrographic and particle distributions over the Palos Verdes continental shelf: spatial, seasonal, and daily variability,” Jones, B., M. Noble, and T. Dickey, 2002 “Optical impacts on solar transmission in coastal waters,” Chang, G.C. and T. Dickey “The Jerlov Award of the Oceanography Society as presented to Raymond C. Smith, November, 2002, Introductory Remarks by T. Dickey “Toward closure of upwelling radiance in coastal waters,” Chang, G., T. Dickey, C.D. Mobley , E. Boss, and W. S. Pegau “Emerging ocean observations for interdisciplinary data assimilation systems,” Dickey, T. “Scientific Cabled Observatories for Time Series (SCOTS) Report” Glenn, S. and T. Dickey (eds.) 137 2003 138 2003 139 2003 “New sensors and systems for monitoring bio-optical and biogeochemical changes in the ocean,” Dickey, T., C. Moore, and O-SCOPE Team “Optical Methods for Interdisciplinary Research in the Coastal Ocean,” Chang, G., T. Dickey, S. Jiang, D. Manov, and F. Spada “Transient physical forcing of pulsed export of bioreactive material to the deep Sargasso Sea,” Conte, M.H., T.D. Dickey, J.C. Weber, R. Johnson, and A. Knap 11 The Sea, Vol. 12, Ch. 10, A. R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild (Eds.), 401-440. Oceans 2020: Science for Future Needs, Ch. 10, J.G. Field, G. Hempl, and C.P. Summerhayes (Eds.), Island Press, Washington, DC, 209-254. J. Geophys. Res., 107(12), (2002), p. 25-1. doi:10.1029/2001JC0 00969, 2002 Cont. Shelf Res., 22(6-7), 945-965 Refereed Book Chapter Ocean Optics XVI, Santa Fe Oceanography, 16(1), 30-31 Unrefereed Article Unrefereed Article Appl. Optics, 42(9), 1574-1582 Refereed Article J. Mar. Syst., 40-41, 5-48. National Science Foundation Report, published by Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education, 80pp. Sea Tech. , Oct., 2004 Refereed Article Reviewed Report Recent Research Developments in Optics, eds , M. Kawasaki, N. Asgrriz, and R. Anthony, Research Signposts Publishing, chapter 15, 249-270. Deep-Sea Res. I, 50(10-11), 11571187. Refereed Article Refereed Book Chapter Refereed Article Refereed Article Unrefereed Article Refereed Article “Coastal ocean optical influences on solar transmission and radiant heating rate,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey; [This paper was chosen as a highlight paper for JGR as noted in EOS, Transactions of the American Geophysical Union] “Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced plankton blooms in the ocean desert,” Babin, S. J.A., Carton, T.D. Dickey, and J.D. Wiggert. This paper was a winner of the Johns Hopkins Universitry Applied Physics Laboratory’s award for Outstanding Research Paper in an externally refereed publication. “Methods for reducing biofouling on moored optical sensors,” Manov, D., G. Chang, and T. Dickey J. Geophys. Res., 109, C01020, doi:1029/2003JC001 821 Refereed Article J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 109, No. C3, C03043, doi: 1029/2003JC00 1938 Refereed Article J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 957-967, 2004. Refereed Article 2004 “Radiometric and bio-optical measurements form moored and drifting buoys: measurements and data analysis protocols,” Kuwahara, V.S., P.G. Strutton, T.D. Dickey, M.R. Abbott, R. Letelier, M.R. Lewis, S. McLean, F.P. Chavez, A. Barnard, and J.R. Morrison Unrefereed Report 144 2004 145 2004 “The expanding role of ocean color and optics in the changing field of operational oceanography, Glenn, S., O. Schofield, T.D. Dickey, R. Chant, J. Kohut, H. Barrier, J. Bosch, L. Bowers, E. Creed, C. Haldeman, E. Hunter, J. Kerfoot, C. Mudgal, M. Oliver, H. Roarty, E. Romana, M. Crowley, D. Barrick, and C. Jones “Studies of coastal ocean dynamics and processes using emerging optical technologies,” Dickey, T. Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Validation, Vol. IV, NASA Tech. Rep. Series Oceanography, 17(2), 86-95 Oceanography, 17(2), 9-13 Reviewed Article 146 2004 Oceanography, 17(2), 32-43 Reviewed Article 147 2004 Oceanography, 17(2), 16-23 Reviewed Article 148 2004 Oceanography, 17(2), 24-31 Reviewed Article 149 2004 Refereed Book Chapter 150 2004 NATO Advanced Study Institute Series, eds. T. Oguz and M. Follows, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 149-188. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, L20309, doi: 10.1029/2004GL0211 86. 140 2003 141 2004 142 2004 143 “From meters to kilometers: A look at ocean-color scales of variability, spatial coherence, and the need for finescale remote sensing in coastal ocean optics,” Bissett, W.P., R.A. Arnone, C.O. Davis, T.D. Dickey, D. Dye, D.D.R. Kohler, and R.W. Gould, Jr. “The new age of hyperspectral oceanography,” Chang, G., K. Mahoney, A. Briggs-Whitmore, D.D.R. Kohler, C.D. Mobley, M. Lewis, M.A. Moline, E. Boss, M. Kim, W. Philpot, and T.D. Dickey “Watercolors in the coastal zone: What can we see?,” Schofield, O., R.A. Arnone, W.P. Bissett, T.D. Dickey, C.O. Davis, Z. Finkel, M. Oliver, and M.A. Moline “Exploration of biogeochemical temporal variability,” Dickey, T. “Tidally induced turbulence and suspended sediment,” Souza, A., L.G. Alvarez, and T. Dickey 12 Reviewed Article Reviewed Article 151 2005 “Interdisciplinary Oceanographic observations: the wave of the future,” Dickey, T.D. and R. Bidigare Scientia Marina, 69(Suppl. 1), 23-42. Reviewed Article 152 2006 “Quick transport of primary produced organic carbon to the ocean interior,” Honda, M.C., H. Kawakami, K. Sasaoka, S. Watanabe, and T. Dickey Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L166603, doi: 10.1029/2006GL0264 66. Reviewed Article 153 2006 “Toward a global ocean system for measurements of optical properties using remote sensing and in situ observations,” Chang, G., T. Dickey, T., and M. Lewis Refereed Book Chapter 154 2006 “Optical oceanography: recent advances and future directions using global remote sensing and in situ observation,” Dickey, T.D., M.R. Lewis and G.C. Chang, 155 2006 156 2006 Marine Technology Society Refereed Article 157 2006 “In situ optical variability and relationships in the Santa Barbara Channel: Implications for remote sensing,” Chang, G.C., A.H. Barnard, S. McLean, P.J. Egli, C. Moores, J.R.V. Zaneveld, T.D. and A. Hanson “The Bermuda Testbed Mooring and HALE-ALOHA Mooring programs: Innovative Deep-Sea Global Observations,” Dickey, T, G. Chang, C. Moore, A. Hanson, D. Karl, D. Manov, F. Spada, D. Peters, J. Kemp, O. Schofield, and S. Glenn “The Jerlov Award presented to J. Ronald V. Zanveld: Introductory remarks,” Dickey, T. Manual of Remote Sensing, Volume 7, Marine Environment, Chapter 9 ed. J. Gower Reviews of Geophysics, 44 (1), RG 1001, 10.1029/2003RG000 148. Applied Optics, 45 (15), 3593-3604 Oceanography, 19(4), 194 Unrefereed Note 158 2007 McGraw-Hill, Boston, 394p Refereed Book Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, eds., J.H. Steele, S.A. Thorpe and K.K. Turekian, Academic Press, in press. Refereed Book “Exploring the World Ocean,” Chamberlin, S. and T. Dickey Reviewed Article Refereed Article Work in Press B-1 2007 “Long-term ocean monitoring and monitoring stations,” Weller, R, T. Dickey and R. Lukas 13 B-2 2007 B-3 2007 B-4 2007 “Temporal variability of zooplankton biomass from ADCP backscatter time series data at the Bermuda Testbed Mooring Site,” Jiang, S., T. Dickey, D. Steinberg and L. Madin “Physical and biological observations of cyclones in Lee of Maui and Hawaii,” Dickey, T., F. Nencioli, V. Kuwahara, C. Leonard, W. Black, R. Bidigare, S. Rii, and Q. Zhang “Interdisciplinary sampling strategies for detection and characterization of harmful algal blooms,” Chang, G.C. and T.D. Dickey Deep-Sea Res. I. Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II, accepted Refereed Article Workshop on RealTime Systems for Observating Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms, (HABWATCH), eds. M. Babin, and C. Roesler, UNESCO Publishing. Refereed Book Chapter Science, submitted Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II in preparation Refereed Article Deep-Sea Res. II in preparation Refereed Article Monthly Weather Review, in preparation Optics Express Refereed Article Geophysical Research Letters in preparation Deep-Sea Res. II, in preparation. Refereed Article Work Submitted C-1 2007 “Eddy-induced diatom bloom produces limited carbon export fluxes in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean,” Benitez-Nelson, et al Work in Progress D-1 2007 D-2 2007 D-3 2007 D-4 2007 D-5 2007 D-6 2007 “Physical and biological implications of cyclone Noah in the lee of Hawaii during E-Flux I,” Kuwahasa, V., F. Nencioli, T. Dickey, W. Black, R. Bidigare, and S. Rii, “Physical dynamics and biological implications of a mesoscale eddy in the lee of Hawai'i: cyclone Opal observations during E-Flux III,” Nencioli, F, T. Dickey, W. Black, R. Bidigare and S. Rii “Upper ocean responses to hurricanes and tropical storms off Bermuda,” Black, W. and T. Dickey, “Bio-optical measurements for the validation of ocean color satellites using moored platforms of opportunity,” Kuwahara, V.S., X. Zheng, G. Chang, S. Jiang, F. Chavez and T. Dickey “Simulation of upper ocean responses to Hurricane Fabian,” Chao, Y., W. Black and T. Dickey, etal, “The transient oasis Nutrient-phytoplankton dynamics and particle export in Hawaiian lee cyclones,” Rii, Y., S.L. Brown, F. Nenciuoli, V. Kuwahara, T. Dickey, D.M. Karl, and R.R. Bidigare, 2007, (R) 14 Refereed Article Refereed Article D-7 2007 Applications of Optics for Oceanography, Dickey, T. and E. Boss, [Text/Reference Book is about 2/3 completed] Elsevier Book OPL instrumentation has been shown on covers of Reviews of Geophysics, August 1991, March, 2006; Sea Technology, February 1997, June 2004; Backscatter, December 1999; Oceanography, June 2004; Lectures and Presentations since January 2000: Month/Year Jan./2000 Jan./2000 Jan./2000 Jan./2000 Feb./2000 Mar./2000 Apr./2000 Apr./2000 Jun./2000 Jun./2000 Jun./2000 Aug./ 2000 Sep./2000 Oct./2000 Nov./2000 Jan./2001 Jan./2001 Feb./2001 Title/Date National Academy of Sciences Workshop on Ocean Observatories, “Autonomous interdisciplinary sampling at the Bermuda Testbed mooring” National Academy of Sciences Workshop on Ocean Observatories, “Sargasso Sea Ocean Observatory,” (with Hansell et al.) American Meteorological Society Meeting, “Bio-optical measurements from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring,” (with David Sigurdson) AGU/ASLO, 9 presentations by OPL ONR Bioluminescence Workshop, Keynote address: “New technologies for ocean observations” Oceanology 2000, Keynote address: “Emerging technologies for observing the ocean autonomously” Jet Propulsion Laboratory Seminar, “Autonomous sampling of the ocean with new sensor technologies and platforms” JGOFS Synthesis Meeting, “High resolution interdisciplinary time series observations during JGOFS” ASLO Meeting, “Emerging sensor and platform technologies for ocean observational systems” NOPP O-SCOPE Workshop, “Review of the O-SCOPE project” Planning Workshop, “Lessons learned from the Bermuda Testbed Mooring program,” Fun in the Sun Day Camp, “Discovery in the oceans” Meeting Place Key Largo, FL “Plans for a New BTM Surface Buoy Design Workshop,” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution "The Bermuda Testbed Mooring as a mooring-ofopportunity for groundtruthing ocean color satellites," Oceans from Space "Interdisciplinary time series observations around the world oceans" "Interdisciplinary time series observations at the LEO-15 site, 2000," HyCODE Workshop "Review of the NOPP O-SCOPE program," American Meteorological Society Meeting Co-convenor (with Koh Harada) of the International Workshop on Autonomous Measurements of Biogeochemical Parameters in the Ocean, talk: "Toward interdisciplinary time series observations on the global scale" Woods Hole, MA 15 Key Largo, FL Anaheim, CA San Antonio, TX San Diego, CA Brighton, United Kingdom Pasadena, CA Bergen, Norway Copenhagen, Denmark Santa Barbara, CA University of Hawaii Santa Barbara, CA Venice, Italy UCLA Department of Atmospheric Sciences St. Petersburg, FL Albuquerque, NM Honolulu, HI Feb./2001 Mar./2001 Mar./2001 Apr./2001 May/2001 May/2001 Jul./2001 Oct./2001 Dec./2001 Dec./2001 Jan./2002 Feb./2002 Feb./2002 Feb./2002 Mar./2002 Apr./2002 May/2002 Jun./2002 Jun. /2002 Jul./2002 Co-convenor of Workshop (with Jim McWilliams, UCLA), "Toward a coastal observation and modeling system for Southern California" "Review of the Bermuda Testbed Mooring: Science and Technologies," Sargasso Sea Ocean Observatory Workshop "Interdisciplinary observations from autonomous platforms," Workshop on Time Series Observations in the North Pacific "Review of capabilities for interdisciplinary observations as part of the Global Ocean Observing System," Ocean Observations Panel for Climate "Future ocean observations for interdisciplinary data assimilation models," invited keynote speaker for the 33rd International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics "Recent developments in autonomous interdisciplinary sampling," Time Series Working Group of the OOPC "Biogeochemical Observatories," invited, B-DEOS Town Meeting "Autonomous interdisciplinary time series observations: recent progress and future visions," IAPSO-IABO, 2001: An Ocean Odyssey "The Bermuda Testbed Mooring and Emerging Technologies for Interdisciplinary Research," T. Dickey, invited, Fall AGU "Linkage between transient upper ocean physical and biological forcing and deep ocean flux at the Bermuda timeseries site," invited, M.H. Conte, J.C. Weber, T.D. Dickey, and D.J. McGillicuddy, Jr., Fall AGU Convenor of 3rd HyCODE Workshop Co-convenor (with Stan Wilson and others) of session "Multidisciplinary Ocean Observations and Observatories," AGU/ASLO Meeting "Toward global multi-disciplinary time-series observations," T. Dickey, AGU/ASLO Meeting "Episodic primary production and export carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea," P. White, S. Honjo, T. Dickey, and R. Weller, AGU/ASLO Meeting "In situ primary production measurements using autonomous sampling platforms: toward a global observational system," Phytoplankton Productivity "Autonomous interdisciplinary sampling: toward a global observational system," HOT/BATS Workshop "Ocean exploration in time and space, " International Global Ocean Exploration Symposium “Review of carbon and interdisciplinary measurements for the Global Ocean Observing System,” Steering Committee Meeting of the Ocean Observing Panel for Climate (Global Ocean Observing System) Convenor of the Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) Workshop Co-convenor (with Scott Glenn) of the Steering Committee for the NSF Scientific Cabled Observatory Time Series (SCOTS) activity 16 UCSB Bermuda Biological Station for Research, St. Georges, Bermuda Tokyo, Japan Melbourne, Australia Liege, Belgium Woods Hole, MA Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom Mar del Plata, Argentina San Francisco San Francisco Santa Barbara Honolulu, Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii Honolulu, Hawaii Bangor, Wales Vancouver, BC, Canada Paris, France Kiel Germany Maui, Hawaii Baltimore, MD Jul./2002 Jul./2002 Jul./2002 Aug./2002 Sep./2002 Oct./2002 Oct./2002 Oct./2002 Oct./2002 Oct./2002 Oct./2002 Nov./2002 Dec./2002 Jan./2003 “Exploration of Biogeochemical Variability on Time Scales from Minutes to the Interannual, Part 1: Introduction to Processes, Scales, and Observational Techniques, ” Invited lecturer for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Summer School on The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate “Exploration of Biogeochemical Variability on Time Scales from Minutes to the Interannual, Part 2: Examples of Variability and Coupling of Physical and Biogeochemical Processes in Several Ocean Domains ” Invited lecturer for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Summer School on The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate “Exploration of Biogeochemical Variability on Time Scales from Minutes to the Interannual, Part 3: Part 3: Toward the Future: Blending of Global Observations & Models ” Invited lecturer for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Summer School on The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate Co-convenor (with Scott Glenn), the NSF Workshop on Scientific Cabled Observatory Time Series (SCOTS) “Review of carbon and interdisciplinary measurements for the Global Ocean Observing System,” Steering Committee Meeting of the Coastal Ocean Observing System (Global Ocean Observing System) “Report on Scientific Cabled Observatory Time Series (SCOTS) activity,” Steering Committee meeting of the NSF Dynamics of Earth and Ocean Systems (DEOS) activity “Toward Global Ocean Interdisciplinary Measurements Using Emerging Autonomous Sampling Technologies ,” Invited lecture at the PICES Meeting “Toward the Development of a Global Interdisciplinary Time-series Network ,” Invited lecture at the PICES Meeting “Bio-optical-Physical Interactions and Global Interdisciplinary Time-series Observations ,” Invited lecture at Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics “Physical-Biological-Optical Interactions and Global Interdisciplinary Time-series Observations,” Invited lecture at First Institute of Oceanography “Bio-optical-Physical Interactions and Global Interdisciplinary Time-series Observations,” Invited lecture at Second Institute of Oceanography “Optical impacts on solar transmission in coastal waters,” G. Chang and T. Dickey, Ocean Optics XVI “Global Ocean Interdisciplinary Time Series Using Emerging Platforms and Sensors,” invited presentation, American Geophysical Union “Autonomous Sampling Methods for the Global Carbon Observing System,” invited lecture for the International Workshop on Ocean Carbon Observation Activities 17 Ankara, Turkey, Ankara, Turkey Ankara, Turkey Portsmouth, VA Cape Town, South Africa Washington, DC Qingdao, China Qingdao, China Hefei, China Qingdao, China Hangzhou, China Santa Fe, NM San Francisco Paris, France Jan./2003 Feb./2003 Mar./2003 Mar./2003 Mar./2003 Apr./2003 Apr./2003 May/2003 Jun./2003 Jun./2003 Jun./2003 Jun./2003 Jul./2003 Jul./2003 Jul./2003 Jul./2003 Convenor of the Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment Workshop Convenor of the NOPP Multi-disciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analyses and Networks (MOSEAN) program “Report on Scientific Cabled Observatory Time Series (SCOTS) activity,” Steering Committee meeting of the NSF Dynamics of Earth and Ocean Systems (DEOS) activity Advisory Committee comments for the Advisory Committee for the Mediterranean Forecast System: Toward Environmental Predictions program “Upper Ocean Response to Extreme Events: Coastal & Open Ocean Case Studies,” invited lecture for the Office of Naval Research’s Southeast U.S. Site Review “Review of technologies for the Eulerian Observatory System,” meeting of the Time Series Team under the Steering Committee of the Ocean Observing Panel for Climate (Global Ocean Observing System) Miami “Considerations for the Development of Global Interdisciplinary Time-series Networks ,” European Geophysical Union/American Geophysical Union Meeting “New Technologies and Their Roles in Advancing Biogeochemical Science During the JGOFS Era ,” invited lecture for the Final JGOFS Open Science Conference, A Sea of Change: JGOFS Accomplishments and the Future of Ocean Biogeochemistry, National Academy of Sciences “Report on Scientific Cabled Observatory Time Series (SCOTS) activity,” Steering Committee meeting of the NSF Dynamics of Earth and Ocean Systems (DEOS) activity “Scientific Cabled Observatories for Time Series (SCOTS),” Dickey, T. and S. Glenn, The Annual Oceanography Society Meeting and Oceanology International Americas “Physical and chemical dynamics of coastal systems,” Invited lecture for Workshop on Real-Time Systems for Observing Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABWATCH) “Overview of chemical and physical sensors,” Invited lecture, Workshop on Real-Time Systems for Observing Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABWATCH) “Variability of solar transmission and radiant heating rate in the coastal ocean: optical impacts,” Chang, C. and T. Dickey, IUGG “History and Current Plans for U.S. Scientific Cabled Observatories for Time Series,” Glenn, T. Dickey, and O. Schofield, Scientific Submarine Cable 2003 Workshop “The evolution of the Northeast Observing System for the United States,” Glenn, S., O. Schofield, and T. Dickey, IUGG “Toward sampling biological and chemical variables over relevant time-space scales: new sensor and platform capabilities,” Invited Lecture for Next Generation of In Situ Biological and Chemical Sensors in the Ocean Nice, France 18 Honolulu, Hawaii Washington, DC Bologna, Italy Miami Villefranche, France Washington, DC New Orleans, Louisiana New Orleans, Louisiana Villefranche, France Villefranche, France Sapporo, Japan Tokyo, Japan Sapporo, Japan Woods Hole, MA Sep./2003 Jan./2004 Jan./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2004 Feb./2005 Mar./2004 Apr./2004 Jun./2004 Aug./2004 Sep./2004 Sep./2004 Oct./2004 Dec./2004 May/2005 “Review of carbon and interdisciplinary measurements for the Global Ocean Observing System,” Steering Committee Meeting of the Coastal Ocean Observing System (Global Ocean Observing System) “Recent and Future Technologies,” ORION (Invited) Co-chair of session on global ocean observing systems American Geophysical Union Ocean Sciences Meeting “The Multi-disciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analyses (MOSEAN) Program,” Dickey, T., A. Hanson, D. Karl, C. Moore, G. Chang, D. Manov, and F. Spada, AGU/ASLO “A decade of high temporal resolution interdisciplinary observations using the Bermuda Testbed Mooring,” Dickey, T., AGU/ASLO (Invited) “Optical characterization of phytoplankton blooms in the Santa Barbara Channel,” Chang, G.C., E.E. McPhee-Shaw, and T.D. Dickey, AGU/ASLO “E-Flux: Physical Observation Plans,” Dickey. T. and OPL “MOSEAN CHARM Review and Plans,” Dickey, T. and OPL “MOSEAN HALE-ALOHA Review and Plans,” Dickey, T. and OPL “Review of time series technologies,” DEOS/ORION Planning Meeting, Dickey, T, DEOS/ORION Steering Committee Meeting. “Review of interdisciplinary mooring time series for SCCOOS,” Dickey, T. , Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System Workshop “Discussion of MFSTEP progress in 2003,” Dickey, T., Mediterranean Forecast System: Toward Environmental Prediction “The International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) and biogeochemical measurements as part of GOOS,” Dickey, T., Ocean Observing Panel for Climate Steering Committee Meeting “Review of the MOSEAN program,” Dickey, T., National Science Foundation “Extreme and episodic events in the ocean: recent results and future studies,” Dickey, T., Bi-annual Challenger Society Meeting (Keynote Speaker) “OceanSITES: Ocean Sustained Interdisciplinary Timeseries Environmental observational System,” Dickey, T., Scientific Committee on Ocean Research (SCOR) “Bio-optical relationships in the Santa Barbara Channel: implications for remote sensing,” Chang, G.C., T. Dickey, C. Moore, A. Barnard, R. Zaneveld, A. Hanson, and P. Egli, Ocean Optics XVII “Biological-physical interactions affected by extreme and episodic oceanic events,” Dickey, T., American Geophysical Union (Invited) “ Ottawa, Canada San Juan, Puerto Rico Portland, OR Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Santa Fe, NM Santa Barbara Brest, France Southampton, UK Arlington, VA Liverpool, UK Venice, Italy Fremantle, Australia San Francisco Geneva, Switzerland Towards autonomous biogeochemical and bio-optical measurements,” Ocean Observing Panel for Climate (Invited), 19 June/2005 Auust/2005 Sept./2005 Nov./2005 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 Feb./2006 “ Plymouth, UK Interactive modeling and observational approaches for solving interdisciplinary problems,” Advances in Marine Ecosystem Modelling Research (AMEMR) Symposium (Invited), “Physical observations during E-Flux III” E-Flux Workshop (Invited) The future growth and use of interdisciplinary ocean observations (Invited talk for WHOI’s 75th Anniversary) Overview of Ocean Physics Laboratory plans for the Office of Naval Research (ONR) Radiance and Dynamics in the Ocean (RaDyO) program Physical and bio-optical observations of cyclones in the lee of Hawaii during the E-Flux experiments, Dickey et al. E-Flux: influences of cyclonic eddy activity on Planktonic food web dynamics and carbon export in the lee of Hawaii, C. Benitez-Nelson et al. The SCCOOS shelf to shoreline bservatory development Santa Barbara Channel mooring: an ongoingtime series of currents, thermal structure, and optical properties of the water column over the continental shelf, E.E. McPhee-Shaw et al. Exploring the World Ocean: a new inquiry-based? tool for teaching 21st century oceanography, S. Chamberlin and T. Dickey Physical and bio-opticalobservations of cyclone Noah (EFlux I) in the lee of Hawaii, V. Kuwahara et al. Physical and bio-optical observations of cyclone Opal (EFlux III) in the lee of Hawaii, F. Nencioli et al. Upper ocean response to Hurricane Fabian and Tropical Storm Harvey near Bermuda, W. Black and T. Dickey Long-term monitoring of primary nutrient concentrations in the coastal environment, P. Egli et al Advection of detrital carbonate sediment to the deep ocean by passage of Hurricane Fabian over Bermuda, J. Weber et al. Review of emerging technologies for OceanSITES The HALE-ALOHA mooring program: toward cable connection Santa Barbara, CA Woods Hole, MA Narragansett, RI Honolulu, HI Honolulu Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Honolulu, HI Field Activities: Over 176 research cruises have been conducted in study areas including the North Pacific Ocean, North Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Equatorial Pacific Ocean, and Arabian Sea. At-Sea Research Activities (M=Mooring/S=Shipboard/A=Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) S-R/V Gilliss, 1977, Sargasso Sea CTD and SOFAR float deployment S-R/V Researcher, 1978, Fine structure observations in the Bahamas S-R/V New Horizon, 1981, Eddy in the California Current S-R/P FLIP, 1982, Optical Dynamics Experiment, off San Diego S-R/P FLIP, 1982, Optical Dynamics Experiment, Central North Pacific 20 S-R/V Columbus Iselin, 1985, Biowatt I, Sargasso Sea M-R/V Knorr, 1985, Biowatt I, Sargasso Sea S-R/V Seawatch, 1985, Los Angeles Outfall Study S-R/V Seawatch, 1986, Los Angeles Outfall Study S-R/V Seawatch, 1986, Biowatt II, Sargasso Sea M-R/V Oceanus, 1987, Biowatt II, Sargasso Sea M-R/V Atlantis II, 1989, MLML-Off coast of Iceland M-R/V Endeavor, 1989, MLML-Off coast of Iceland M-R/V Ewing, 1990, MLML-Off coast of Iceland M-R/V Endeavor, 1991, MLML-Off coast of Iceland M-R/V Seawatch, 1991, Los Angeles Outfall Study M-R/V Oceanus, 1991, MLML-Off coast of Iceland (2 cruises) M-R/V Malcolm Baldridge, 1991, Equatorial Pacific M-R/V Discoverer, 1991, Equatorial Pacific M-R/V Seawatch, 1992, Los Angeles Outfall Study (4 cruises) M-R/V Malcolm Baldridge, 1992, Equatorial Pacific M-R/V Discoverer, 1992, Equatorial Pacific M-R/V Discoverer, 1993, Equatorial Pacific M,S-R/V Seawatch, 1993, Bottom boundary layer off Los Angeles (2 cruises) M-R/V Tethys II, 1993, Mediterranean Sea Flux Study M-R/V Weatherbird II, 1994, Bermuda Mooring Program (2 cruises) M-R/V Thompson, 1994, ONR Arabian Sea Study S-R/V Kila, 1994, Honolulu, Hawaii Outfall Study M-R/V Thompson, 1994, ONR Arabian Sea Study M-R/V Weatherbird, 1994, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (2 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1995, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Thompson, 1995, ONR Arabian Sea Study M-R/V Edwin Link, 1996, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring M-R/V Weatherbird, 1996, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Lamer, 1996, ONR CMO/Santa Barbara Channel test cruise M-R/V Oceanus, 1996, ONR CMO/Martha's Vineyard (2 cruises) M-R/V Oceanus, 1997, ONR CMO/Martha's Vineyard (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1997, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) S-R/V Lucky Lady, 1998, LOOPS, Massachusetts Bay A,S-R/V Oceanus, 1998, LOOPS, Massachusetts Bay M-R/V Weatherbird, 1998, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1999, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Ron Brown, 1999, NOPP/OSCOPE Ocean Weather Station 'P' in Pacific Ocean M-R/V Endeavor, 2000, ONR HyCODE/LEO-15 site N.J. coast (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 2000, NSF/NASA/ONR Bermuda Testbed Mooring (2 cruises) M-R/V Edwin Link, 1996, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring M-R/V Weatherbird, 1996, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Lamer, 1996, ONR CMO/Santa Barbara Channel test cruise M-R/V Oceanus, 1996, ONR CMO/Martha’s Vineyard (2 cruises) M-R/V Oceanus, 1997, ONR CMO/Martha’s Vineyard (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1997, NSF/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Knorr, 1997, ONR CMO/Martha’s Vineyard (2 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1997, NSF/NASA/ONR Bermuda Testbed Mooring (4 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 1998, NSF/NASA/ONR Bermuda Testbed Mooring (2 cruises) A-R/V Lucky Lady, 1998, LOOPS/Mass Bay A-R/V Oceanus, 1998, LOOPS/Mass Bay M-R/V Weatherbird, 1999, NSF/NASA/ONR Bermuda Testbed Mooring (3 cruises) M-R/V Ron Brown, 1999, NOPP/O-SCOPE Ocean Weather Station 'P' in Pacific Ocean (1 cruise) M-R/V Endeavor, 2000, ONR HyCODE/LEO-15 site N.J. coast (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 2000, NSF/NASA/ONR Bermuda Testbed Mooring (2 cruises) 21 M-R/V Endeavor, 2000, ONR, HyCODE, LEO-15 site, New Jersey (3 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 2000, NSF/NASA/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (2 cruises) M-R/V Ka’imikai-O-Kanaloa (UH), 2000, NSF, Hawaii Ocean Time Series Mooring, Hawaii M-R/V Weatherbird, 2001, NSF/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (2 cruises) M-R/V Endeavor, 2001, ONR, HyCODE, LEO-15 site, New Jersey (2 cruises) M-R/V Mirai, 2001, WHOI, HiLaTS, North Pacific, off Japan M-R/V Weatherbird, 2002, NSF/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (2 cruises) M-R/V Mirai, 2002, WHOI, HiLaTS, North Pacific, off Japan M-R/V Weatherbird, 2003, NSF/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (2 cruises) M-R/V Sproul, 2003, NOPP MOSEAN CHARM mooring, Santa Barbara Channel M-R/V Sproul, 2004, NOPP MOSEAN CHARM mooring, Santa Barbara Channel (2 cruises) M-R/V Point Sur, 2004, NOPP MOSEAN CHARM mooring, Santa Barbara Channel (1 cruise) M-R/V Weatherbird, 2004, NSF/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (2 cruises) M-R/V Ka’imikai-O-Kanaloa (UH), 2004, MOSEAN HALE-ALOHA Mooring, Hawaii (3 cruises) S-R/V Ka’imikai-O-Kanaloa (UH), 2004, NSF Hawaii Eddy Experiment, Hawaii (2004) S-R/V Wecoma (OSU) 2005, NSF Hawaii Eddy Experiment, Hawaii (2005) (2 cruises) M-R/V Sproul, 2005, NOPP MOSEAN CHARM mooring, Santa Barbara Channel S-R/V Wecoma (OSU) 2005, MOSEAN HALE-ALOHA Mooring, Hawaii (2 cruises) S-R/V Kilo Moana (UH) 2005, MOSEAN HALE-ALOHA Mooring, Hawaii (2 cruises) M-R/V Weatherbird, 2005, NSF/ONR, Bermuda Testbed Mooring, Bermuda (4 cruises) M-R/V Point Sur, 2005, NOPP MOSEAN CHARM mooring, Santa Barbara Channel (4 cruises) Contracts and Grants [Note: Approximately $20 million have been received in contracts and grants since 1979, with about $14 million of the total received since 1996] 1979-1996: T. Dickey, A numerical model to assess the dilution and mixing of formation water discharged into the marine environment, Minerals Management Service, July 1979 - December 1979, $12,000. T. Dickey, A numerical model of the bottom boundary layer and sediment transport on the continental shelf, National Science Foundation, July 1980 -December 1981, $27,000. T. Dickey, D. Hammond, and J. Kremer, Gas exchange rates at the air-sea interface in coastal waters, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, October 1980 - September 1982, $86,000. B. Jones and T. Dickey, Physical and chemical oceanography associated with an outfall, Los Angeles County, 1983 – 1984, $13,000. T. Dickey, Analysis and modeling of data taken during the Optical Dynamics Experiment, Office of Naval Research, 1983 – 1984, $101,000. T. Dickey and A. Bratkovich, A study of optical and physical variability in the open ocean, Office of Naval Research, 1984 – 1986, $380,000. B. Jones, A. Bratkovich, and T. Dickey, Physical and chemical oceanographic variability in the region near the Los Angeles County White's Point outfall, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1984 – 1986, $130,000. T. Dickey and B. Pipkin, Oceanographic teaching, IBM grant for innovative teaching using computers, 1984 – 1985, $25,000. T. Dickey and A. Bratkovich, Physical and bio-optical oceanographic measurements at Scripps Canyon, Office of Naval Research, Oct. 1985 - Sept.1986, $55,000. T. Dickey, Instrumentation for the Biowatt physical and bio-optical mooring experiments, DoD University Research Initiative Program, July 1986 - June1987, $205,000. T. Dickey and L. Washburn, Optical and physical variability in the open ocean, Office of Naval Research, January 1987 - December 1988, $163,000. T. Dickey, An acceleration for: Observations and modeling for the Biowatt program, Office of Naval Research, May 1988 - September 1988, $35,000. T. Dickey, Observations and modeling for the Biowatt program, Office of Naval Research, Oct. 1986 Sept. 1989, $650,000. 22 T. Dickey (with T. Granata), Laboratory studies of turbulence and marine aggregates, Office of Naval Research (under subcontract from UC Santa Barbara), June 1988 - December 1990, $17,000. T. Dickey, Development and testing of a longwave radiation sensor for deployment from ships and buoys (in conjunction with the NSF sponsored World Ocean Circulation Experiment, WOCE), National Science Foundation, October 1987 - September 1990, $489,000. T. Dickey, An acceleration for: Observations and modeling for the Biowatt program, Office of Naval Research, October 1988 – September 1990, $240,000. T. Dickey, An enhancement to contract no. N00014-89-J-1498: "An acceleration for 'Observations and modeling for the Biowatt program", ONR, July 1990 - December 1990, $50,173. T. Dickey, Observations and modeling for the Marine Light in the Mixed Layer (MLML) program, Office of Naval Research, October 1990 - September 1993, $280,000. T. Dickey, High resolution biogeochemical and physical time series measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, NOAA Climate and Global Change Program, January 1991 - December 1992, $280,000. T. Dickey, High resolution biogeochemical and physical time series measurements as part of JGOFS, NSF, June 1991 - December 1992, $100,000. T. Dickey, Temporal evolution of particulate distribution in the vicinity of an ocean outfall as forced by physical and biological processes, NOAA, October 1990 - September 1993, $128,495. T. Dickey, Biological response associated with mesoscale hydrodynamical structures in the western Mediterranean: Instrumentation development and planning for a major field experiment, NSF, May 1992 - April 1994, $13,350 [A French companion proposal by Dr. Isabelle Taupier-Letage of IFREMER was funded and the work was done in collaboration]. B. Jones and T. Dickey, The bottom boundary layer and sediment re-exposure on the Palos Verdes continental shelf, NOAA, April 1992 - August 1994, $330,177. T. Dickey, An incremental increase for the project: High resolution biogeochemical and physical time series measurements in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, NOAA climate and Global Change Program, February 1993 - January 1994, $69,516. T. Dickey, Development of a testbed mooring program for interdisciplinary measurement systems, NSF, July 1993 - June 1996, $200,000. T. Dickey, J.A. Domaradzki, and R. Zaneveld, Light scattering induced by turbulent flow- a numerical model, Office of Naval Research, Oct. 1993 - Sept. 1995, $65,000. B. Jones, and T. Dickey, Plume initial dilution and dispersion in Mamala Bay, Hawaii, Mamala Bay Study Commission, Apr. 1994 - Sept. 1995, $310,000. T. Dickey, A model of coupled biological and physical processes in the equatorial Pacific during the 19911992 ENSO event, NASA, Sept. 1993-Aug. 1996, $66,000. T. Dickey, Optical measurements from moorings in support of SeaWiFS, NASA, April 1994 - March 1997, $480,000. More Recent Grants and Contracts Years Source and Title 94-98 ONR, High resolution time series observations of bio-optical/physical variability in the Arabian Sea 95-00 ONR, Moored time series measurements of the vertical structure of optical properties in the coastal ocean 95-98 ONR, AASERT 96-97 ONR, DURIP 96-97 NSF, A testbed mooring program for interdisc. studies 23 Amount $1,010,000 P.I. Status PI $527,000 PI $86,965 $219,945 $535,642 PI Co-PI PI 96-98 97 97-98 97-00 97-98 97-98 98-01 98-01 98-01 99-00 99-01 99-01 99-03 00-01 00-01 01-03 01-03 01-06 02-02 ONR, AASERT UCSB, Instructional improvement grant NASA, Center of Excellence NASA, SIMBIOS NOPP, ONR, Littoral Ocean Observing System (LOOPS) NASA, Optical measurements from moorings in support of SeaWiFS NOPP, ONR, Oceanographic-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments ONR, AASERT NSF, Bermuda Testbed Mooring YSI, Tethered buoy system NSF, Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM): A community resource ONR, High resolution time series measurements (HyCODE) ONR High resolution time series measurements (HyCODE) NSF, Next generation surface buoy ONR, DURIP HyCODE equipment UC-MEXUS Suspended sediment concent. and fluxes on tidal flats in the upper Gulf of California NOPP, ONR Oceanographic-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments NSF Bermuda Testbed Mooring WHOI HiLaTS (Japan) 24 $31,000 $7,985 PI Co-PI $395,480 Co-PI $519,574 $180,000 PI PI $150,000 PI $1,991,616 Lead-PI $168,940 $720,462 PI PI $64,920 PI $181,421 PI $749,649 PI $1,028,410 Lead-PI $63,847 PI $161,731 PI $2,500 PI $149,621 PI $2,250,000 Lead-PI $75,000 PI 02-07 03-04 03-06 04-05 05-10 NOPP Multidisciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analyses and Networks 2nd Institute Oceanography, China, Development of DeepSea Sensors Influence of Cyclonic Eddy Activity on Planktonic Foodweb Dynamics and Carbon Export in the Lee of Hawaii NOAA, SCOOS: Shelf to Shoreline Observatory Development ONR, RaDyO $2,500,000 Lead-PI $14, 749 PI $248,967 PI $138,770 Co-PI $967,349 Lead-PI with Grace Chang Selected Recognitions and Committee Memberships: Fellow of the American Geophysical Union Editor for Reviews of Geophysics Guest Editor for Journal of Geophysical Research Special Volume Editorial Board for the Journal of Marine Systems Associate Editor for Limnology and Oceanography Methods Co-author of Journal of Geophysical Research paper, “Coastal ocean optical influences on solar tranmission and radiant heating rate,” by G. Chang and T. Dickey, which was selected as an AGU Journal Highlight Article in 2004. Co-author of Journal of Geophysical Research paper, “Satellite evidence of hurricane-induced plankton blooms in the ocean desert,” by S. Babin, J.A., Carton, T.D. Dickey, and J.D. Wiggert, which received the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory’s award for Outstanding Research Paper in the Externally Refereed Publication in 2005. Co-author of paper for which Dennis McGillicuddy received ASLO Lindeman Award 2000 Co-Lead-PI for ONR Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO) Program Lead-PI for NOPP MOSEAN (Multi-disciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analyses and Networks) program Lead-PI for NOPP O-SCOPE (Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments) program Lead-PI for Bermuda Testbed Mooring program Lead-PI for ONR HyCODE (Hyperspectral Ocean Dynamics Experiment) program Chair of Review Committee: Southampton Oceanographic Centre (George Deacon Division), UK Member of the CORE Steering Committee on Research at Ocean Observatories Program Member of the Advisory Committee for the NOPP Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System Member of Meetings Committee for The Oceanography Society External Advisory Board for the University of Massachusetts Center for Marine Science and Technology Co-chair of National Academy of Sciences (NAS) workshop “Towards a National Collaboratory” Member of the NSF Ocean Research Interactive Observatory Network (ORION) program Science and Technology Committee Member of two National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences review panels 25 Executive Committee for NOPP Littoral Ocean Observing and Predictive System (LOOPS) Councilor (elected office 2 times) for The Oceanography Society (TOS), Chair of Annual TOS Meeting 1991 Steering committee member for ONR Biowatt and Marine Light in the Mixed Layer Experiments Member ad hoc Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Living Marine Resources Working Group Member U.S. JGOFS Steering Committee, Chair of Time-series Oversight Committee and Chair of Workshop on Bio-optics in JGOFS Member U.S. GLOBEC Steering Committee, Chair of Technology Committee Member International GLOBEC Steering Committee, Chair Sampling and Observations Committee Member of International Convention of the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) Working Group 2 on Development of Common Assessment Methodology for Marine Pollution Member of Santa Barbara Maritime Museum Exhibit Committee Invited lecturer for the NATO Advanced Study Institute Summer School on The Ocean Carbon Cycle and Climate (Ankara, Turkey, August 2002) Co-chair of the International Workshop on Autonomous Measurements of Biogeochemical Parameters in the Ocean (Honolulu, Hawaii, 2001) Co-chair of Southern California Bight Ocean Observing and Modeling System Workshop (Santa Barbara, 2001) Co-chair of the Scientific Cabled Observatories for Time Series (SCOTS) Committee under NSF Member of Steering Committee for Dynamics of Earth and Ocean Systems (DEOS) (under NSF) Member of the Steering Committee and Invited Speaker for the Workshop on Real-Time Systems for Observing Coastal Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms (HABWATCH) (Villefranche, France, June, 2003) Advisory Committee for the Mediterranean Forecast System: Toward Environmental Predictions Member of the International Ocean Observing Panel for Climate (OOPC) Committee under the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Member of the Time Series Science Team for the Development of Global Eulerian Observatories (GEO) [now called OceanSITES] (under OOPC and GOOS) Member of the Steering Committee for the Sargasso Sea Ocean Observatory (S2O2) Sigma Xi Scince Honorary Sigma Pi Sigma Physics Honorary Introduction and Overview I completed undergraduate degrees in physics and mathematics in 1968 at Ohio University. During my ensuing service in the U.S. Coast Guard, I was fortunate to have had the opportunity to teach electronics (and briefly human relations) and to complete an M.S. degree in physics through evening classes at Stevens Institute of Technology. Toward the end of my service period, I also taught math and physics at the introductory college level (New York Institute of Technology) in the evening. I found teaching to be most rewarding and importantly was introduced to the subject of oceanography by fellow Coast Guardsmen who were studying to be marine technicians. I borrowed the classic book, The Oceans, by Sverdrup, Johnson, and Fleming along with books on meteorology and ecology from some of these students. After reading these, I decided to pursue a teaching and research career focusing on environmental problems. Following completion of my four years of Coast Guard service, I entered the Princeton University Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program, which was an ideal environment for me as it was physics-based, it placed a heavy emphasis on self-study, and the professors, scientists, and fellow students were exceptionally stimulating. General circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean were being developed for climate studies on the large scale in the same setting where fundamental breakthroughs were being made in equatorial dynamics, weather prediction, and turbulence closure modeling. My Ph.D. thesis (completed under Professor George Mellor) concerned the fundamental problem of transition between turbulence and internal waves, but I also did a class project concerning equatorial waves (under Professor George Philander), resulting in my first Journal of Geophysical Research paper. Upon completion of my Ph.D. at Princeton (1977), I received a competitive Rosenstiel Fellowship from the University of Miami to do research in any area of my choice. I decided to pursue interdisciplinary studies involving physical and biological interactions at a time when disciplinary oceanography was the norm and interdisciplinary research was still not encouraged. Despite this, I followed a career path in 26 interdisciplinary studies. My first interest concerned the interaction of physical and biological processes, particularly through the application of mixed layer models to biological problems. It became evident that interdisciplinary models would require biological data on scales comparable to physical data. At that time, few biological and optical instruments with adequate sampling capabilities were available. However, in the course of the next few years, several advances were made in a new field of study, bio-optics, which has changed the direction of biological and optical oceanography and has clearly influenced much of my research. I am currently writing a book on bio-optical oceanography and its applications. Following a year at the University of Miami, I accepted an Assistant Professor position at the University of Southern California (USC). USC had recently hired biological and geochemical oceanographers, who were anxious to interact with a physical oceanographer. Being the lone physical oceanography professor at USC and having keen interests in interdisciplinary studies, I formed close relationships with biological and geological oceanographers and began to work in the areas of marine biology, optics, and geology. Over the years, I have been able to attract some excellent students and research associates to my group (described in vita). Most developed interdisciplinary interests and expertise. Several have become leading practitioners and proponents of interdisciplinary oceanographic research. My 18 years of research at USC were exceptionally diverse and, of course, highly interdisciplinary. Thus, my research funding has been derived from almost all possible agencies in physical, biological, optical, geological, and chemical oceanography and ocean technology. I enjoy identifying important and societally relevant scientific problems, writing papers and books, directing graduate student research, and finally sharing my research discoveries and experiences with large numbers of undergraduates, graduate students, and colleagues on the international level. Teaching has been one of my favorite activities, but I have also been involved in and often led major interdisciplinary national and international programs and have developed an international network of collaborators; this has been especially rewarding for my students as well as myself. I feel that one of my more important attributes is my ability to help bring the best out of students and colleagues, whether serving as a leader or as a participant. I have encouraged students to pursue research areas that they prefer, sometimes leading to work with and direction by other faculty members. I feel that this flexibility has been advantageous for the students as well as our group as "disciplinary and idea boundaries" simply do not exist for us. The accomplishments described in my vita and this personal statement clearly represents our group's (Ocean Physics Group, OPG, at USC, and Ocean Physics Laboratory, OPL, at UCSB) team efforts, which have often been enabled or enhanced by our many collaborators. During my career, I have attempted to give credit to, and help to advance the careers of, my students and other members of our group as well as our colleagues. Thus, there are often many co-authors on our papers, frequently with first authorship by students, post-doctoral fellows, research associates, and engineers. I am proud that many of the past and present members of the OPG and OPL continue to work on projects and write papers together and with my present group as well as to network with each other to identify research and career opportunities. My appointment to the faculty of UCSB began a bit more than 8 years in January 1996. Since much of our group’s activity is observational and based upon instrumentation and new technologies, the first year at UCSB required our group to accomplish several logistical tasks including finding off-campus space, moving instrumentation, office materials, etc. from USC to UCSB, purchasing new laboratory equipment, office furniture, and computers, setting up telephone and computer communication links, and transferring grants and contracts. At the same time, we were conducting two major field programs, the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) program (I am lead-PI) and the Coastal Mixing and Optics (CMO) program (I was co-editor of Journal of Geophysical Research Special Volume for CMO). Our group responded to the challenges of the move, adapting to a different administrative structure, and maintaining continuity of our field intensive research programs. During the past few years, our research has focused on development of new technologies, observationally based research, and modeling. Our group is well known for developing innovative interdisciplinary instrumentation that allows observations on time scales from a few minutes to several years. Much of our work focuses on interactions among physical, bio-optical, and biogeochemical processes. Our research spans both coastal and open ocean waters and often contributes to the advancement of remote sensing of the oceans. We have led three major technological development programs recently: Office of Naval Research (ONR) National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE with sites at Ocean Station P in the North Pacific, Bermuda, and off 27 Monterey, California), NSF/ONR/NASA Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) program, and NOPP NSF Multi-disciplinary Ocean Sensors for Ecosystem Analyses and Networks (MOSEAN) program (sites off Hawaii and Santa Barbara). I have been a major proponent of the philosophy of the NOPP style of projects, which encourages collaborations among academic and research institutions, government laboratories, and the private sector. The BTM program is also a research program. We have also led the ONR Hyperspectral Coastal Ocean Dynamics Experiment (HyCODE) research program (sites in Bahamas, West Florida Shelf and off New Jersey). Other research programs that we play major roles in include High Latitude Time Series (HiLaTS, using three moorings in the North Pacific off Japan) with U.S. and Japanese collaborators and a project in the Gulf of California with Mexican and UK collaborators. NSF has funded us recently with collaborators for a new study of eddies off the Hawaiian Islands. Our research over the past three years has been conducted in the North Pacific off Canada and off Japan, in the North Atlantic, and off the east and west coasts of the U.S. Our research is leading to better understanding of episodic and extreme events such as internal solitary waves, hurricanes, and mesoscale eddies. These phenomena have been vastly undersampled previously, and thus their importance and contributions to oceanic variability have remained as major enigmas for our science. Nonetheless, our cutting-edge technologies and analyses are proving critical in solving these problems. We are actively promoting the use of data assimilation modeling and remote sensing to complement in situ observations in order to address problems that encompass time and space scales spanning over ten orders of magnitude. While much of our observational activity has focused on interdisciplinary moorings around the world, we have made strides in new sampling technologies involving autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) with successful collaborative studies using two different AUVs (Autosub (Southampton Oceanographic Centre, UK)) and (Odyssey (MIT)) during experiments near the BTM site and in Massachusetts Bay, respectively. Our research and technological developments have become increasingly important internationally as evidenced by the various activities described in my vita. In particular, we have developed interactions and/or collaborations with oceanographers in several countries including the United Kingdom, France, Japan, Taiwan, China, Turkey, New Zealand, Germany, and Italy. The impact of our research is reflected in the number and significance of our publications. In addition, it is worth noting that the ideas and thrust of our research and technological endeavors, which were previously considered rather radical and often challenged, are being adopted by many and appear to be approaching mainstream. Education I feel that I have an enthusiastic and motivational teaching style. Most students seem to relate easily to me, perhaps because I really enjoy and value them. I attempt to excite students about the ocean and the environment, emphasizing 1) the uniqueness and importance of the ocean, 2) the relevance of oceanography to climate change and society in general, 3) implications of pollution using real world examples from our work off the California, Hawaiian, and Massachusetts coasts, and 4) that everyone can make a difference through personal actions and through involvement with various environmental organizations. One reason that I feel that my efforts are so important is that I have had the opportunity to educate such a large number of students, many of whom have made and will be making key environmental decisions. Both undergraduate and graduate education are important components of my teaching and advising activities. The two are highly complementary with our research programs, which provide opportunities for direct involvement with cutting edge scientific studies, several in diverse geographic regions (e.g., Arabian Sea, Bermuda, Mediterranean Sea, equatorial Pacific, east and west coasts of the U.S., and others). The classroom experience is also greatly enhanced by our field activities. I have taught one of the major entrylevel courses (Oceans and Atmospheres) throughout my career (typically 250-350 students per class). Several students have indicated that they selected Geography or Environmental Studies majors based on my courses. Other new courses have also been developed. The graduate education aspect has also proven successful with the production of some excellent graduate students. In summary, I am proud of the quality and quantity of the students I have taught during my career. The statistics show that I have now taught over 5,000 undergraduates, and served on over 100 graduate committees; nineteen graduate (M.S. and Ph.D.) degrees have been completed under my supervision. Eleven advanced research scientists have done research in our laboratory. In addition, I have directed several undergraduate research projects. It is worth noting that the professional staff of our group (e.g., engineers, post-doctoral fellows) works very closely with our students so that they are well trained in 28 all aspects of field oceanography (our group has participated in 100 research cruises. Finally, I am in the process of writing two books, one as sole author (Bio-optical Oceanography and Its Applications, Elsevier; text is 2/3 completed) and the other an introductory textbook with a co-author, Sean Chamberlin (Exploring the World Ocean, McGraw-Hill; also text is 2/3 completed). I am an inveterate writer and want to reach as many individuals as possible in order to attempt to educate them about the ocean and the earth sciences. Summary of Research Overview Our research is directed toward interdisciplinary oceanographic and environmental problems including: upper ocean dynamics, bio-optics, ecology, biogeochemistry and global climate change (greenhouse effect), coastal water pollution, bottom boundary layers, and sediment resuspension. Recent efforts have emphasized studies of physical/biological processes and interactions on time scales from minutes to the interannual, yet some of our work retains focus on fundamental physics at the air-sea interface and in the upper and bottom layers of the ocean. Our group is studying both open and coastal ocean domains simultaneously. We continue to expand both disciplinary and interdisciplinary efforts toward multiplatform (in situ and remote sensing) observational networks for science, monitoring, and modeling with application to coastal pollution and global climate change. Our work often involves innovative development and use of new technologies. An important aspect of our work has concerned the development of instrumentation and techniques for linking in situ and remote sensing observations, particularly through use of mooring-based measurements for groundtruthing (calibration/validation) ocean color satellite sensors. Our optical systems are also proving useful for attacking fundamental problems such as optical closure (i.e., quantifying relationships between inherent and apparent optical properties (IOPs and AOPs) and testing radiative transfer models). Our innovative sampling technologies and their optimal utilization are especially important, as the oceans remain so sparsely sampled; new ocean discoveries require novel direct observations. The instrumentation we deploy allows us to explore the physical, optical, biological, geological, and chemical environment and complex couplings at unprecedented time scales (minutes to years) allowing us to discover new processes and to quantify and model these processes. Our work is changing the way scientists are thinking in terms of the importance of episodic and high frequency phenomena. These were previously under- or unsampled and thus generally assumed unimportant. This is clearly not the case according to our results. New paradigms are being generated because of our measurements, analyses, and modeling studies (examples are presented in our publications). Although much of our work is observational in nature, we also utilize (and contribute to) satellite remote sensing and numerical modeling methods. Several students have done theses using our unique data sets in combination with numerical models (e.g., most recently by students Grace Chang and Sarah Zedler). It is worth noting that our data sets are made available quickly after collection and are being used by many investigators worldwide to interpret their results and to develop complex physical (e.g., air-sea interaction for hurricanes and monsoons) and interdisciplinary (e.g., biogeochemical and sediment resuspension) models. Data telemetry and autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) sampling methods are key technical thrusts along with sensor and system development by our group. These aspects are becoming more valued as ocean prediction is becoming more feasible. The impact of our research is evident in several ways including high productivity in the refereed literature, large and diverse extramural funding, extensive advisorial activity, and demand for our students and expertise. Many of our experiments utilize a variety of observing platforms and our mooring results are often essential for the proper interpretation of data collected from the other platforms. Thus, the impact of our work is often multi-faceted, enabling, and multiplicative. Some specific research areas are highlighted below: 1. Air-Sea Interaction, Upper Ocean Dynamics, Extreme and Episodic Events, Bio-optics, and Biogeochemical Cycling: My Ph.D. thesis concerned a fundamental problem of geophysical fluid dynamics: the transition between internal gravity waves and turbulence. This work was used as the basis for our group’s laboratory studies concerning the exchange of gas across the air-sea interface. These studies remain of considerable interest, particularly because of the transport of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases across the air-sea interface (greenhouse gases and their roles in the climate change problem). In addition, our laboratory 29 experiments were used in joint work with Alice Alldredge (UCSB) to study the effects of turbulence on the strength of “marine snow” and the disaggregation of particles. Recently, a theory described in my Ph.D. thesis has been utilized by my thesis advisor George Mellor (Princeton) for a reformulation of his commonly used turbulence closure model. We have just used this model and three others to explore the physical processes contributing to the dynamics and thermodynamics of the upper ocean in the wake of Hurricane Felix. This work has additional importance in regard to hurricane dynamics and prediction (e.g., feedbacks, hurricane intensity, and trajectories of hurricanes). We have another Journal of Geophysical Research paper in press with co-authors concerning the apparent increase in chlorophyll and primary production in the wakes of several hurricanes. Our field experiments in the early 1980’s utilized R/P FLIP as part of the Optical Dynamics Experiment (ODEX) in the central North Pacific. Our theoretical and observational papers concerning air-sea interaction and upper ocean thermodynamics, dynamics, and bio-optics contributed to an important paradigm shift, namely “variability in biological productivity can significantly affect upper ocean thermal structure, heat budgets, and currents.” Further, the potential use of bio-optical time series data for estimating primary productivity was demonstrated. We also pursued the physical/atmospheric longwave radiation problem (part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, WOCE) using theoretical, laboratory, and field approaches to better characterize longwave (LW) determinations from buoys and ships. Our results appear to have led to improved field determinations, satellite groundtruthing, and modeling of the LW component of the heat budget. Over the past two decades years, we have done several experiments utilizing moorings to obtain high temporal resolution (minute-scale), long-term (2-months up to about 10 years) time series to study air-sea interaction, thermodynamics, dynamics, bio-optics, biological productivity, biogeochemistry, and sediment resuspension in diverse ocean regions including: the Arabian Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean off Bermuda and off Iceland, off the east coast of the U.S., the Mediterranean Sea, the central equatorial Pacific, off Hawaii, and off the west coast of the U.S. Processes ranging from the seasonal cycle down through minute-scale cloud fluctuations have been studied for the first time in such detail through these collective research efforts. Our data sets have shown that springtime mixed layer shoaling and phytoplankton blooms can occur within only a few days and can effectively influence each other. This aspect alone represents a major advance as modelers of seasonal productivity had been limited to only a few data sets collected at monthly intervals previously (Menzel and Ryther, 1960, 1961), resulting in aliasing and undersampling. Our group and others have used interdisciplinary physical-biological models to simulate the physical and biological seasonal cycle. Inertial motions and their effects have been studied theoretically and observationally. Within the past few years we have collected extraordinary data sets as hurricanes have passed over our moorings off Bermuda and south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts. These unique data sets (unobtainable from ships) have been, and are still being, analyzed and modeled. The testing and development of models of the ocean’s response and sediment resuspension in the wakes of hurricanes are enabling us to better understand the physics of these highly episodic and energetic phenomena. This research has important implications for hurricane prediction and their effects. Mesoscale features including eddies and fronts have been studied by our group since the 1980’s and continue to be of special interest in terms of biogeochemical cycling. The combination of trapped inertial waves and mesoscale features was examined using our early Sargasso Sea data sets. We have reported the first direct measurements of bio-optical and chemical time series as a major eddy passed the Bermuda Testbed Mooring. These observations and their interpretation are especially important in balancing the nutrient budget of the North Atlantic and explaining the role of the biological pump in carbon cycling in the oligotrophic ocean. Our interdisciplinary time series data obtained in the Arabian Sea also indicated the importance of mesoscale features, especially in terms of flux of organic carbon to the deep sea. In addition, the monsoonal cycle was shown to be important for biogeochemical cycling and primary production in the central Arabian Sea. Variability in the penetrative component of solar radiation was demonstrated to be significant as well. From autumn of 2004 through spring of 2005, we will be conducting an intensive physical-biogeochemical eddy experiment in the lee of the Hawaiian Islands with collaborators as part of an NSF-funded project. Another geographic area of central interest for interannual variability and global climate change is the equatorial Pacific where we made the first high-resolution time series measurements of bio-optics and physics concurrently. These data were used to compute time series of primary productivity. The primary 30 productivity was shown to be related to equatorial longwaves including tropical instability waves (TIWs) and Kelvin waves. Interestingly, the TIW passages appear to act as natural iron enrichment events. Further, both El Niño and “normal” phases were observed during the 18-month mooring observations, so that we were also able to quantify primary productivity for these two extreme cases. Although most of our biologically oriented research has focused on the lower trophic levels (e.g., phytoplankton), we have also devoted considerable effort toward research concerning higher trophic levels. In particular, we have contributed to the ideas concerning predator-prey interactions, especially in regard to the effects of turbulence. Some of my earliest committee work (Recruitment Experiment (REX II) Workshop, 1978) involved this problem and population dynamics as they affect fisheries. This activity preceded and contributed to the initiation of the major U.S. and international GLOBEC (Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics) programs. I have continued my community service to these programs until the past few years; I am now shifting more energy toward the Global Ocean Observation System (GOOS) initiatives that include the full spectrum of interdisciplinary ocean observations. 2. Coastal Processes, Bottom Boundary Layers, and Pollution: Some of my first work in the area of coastal oceanography, and in particular bottom boundary layers, utilized a turbulence closure model and a data set collected off the coast of Peru. The results of the work showed excellent agreement between the model and the data indicating one of the few clear examples of a classic bottom Ekman layer. Later, I began work in coastal waters off the Palos Verdes Peninsula (near Los Angeles) where an outfall was discharging about 300,000 gallons of treated sewage daily and where over 100 tons of DDT are buried in sediments off the Palos Verdes Peninsula. The DDT problem has been of special interest as it has been the subject of a multi-million dollar lawsuit and a controversial “capping” experiment is underway. Importantly, our work has been of fundamental scientific value as we have studied the problem of dispersion and mixing as well as sediment resuspension. By sampling very rapidly (minutescale) and continuously, we discovered a new process for sediment resuspension, an "ocean-bottom pump." The process involves resonantly generated near-bottom, internal solitary waves (ISWs), which are not presently included in models of sediment resuspension. More recent studies in the area by our group and collaborators have entailed mapping of sediment resuspension areas off Palos Verdes. The Palos Verdes studies along with our research off of Honolulu (Mamala Bay) have examined the fate of ocean outfall waters (treated sewage) by using moorings, bottom tripods, and ship tow-yo surveys. Importantly, advanced optical instrumentation has been utilized to allow us to better understand the fundamental processes of dispersion and advection. Our work with AUVs in Massachusetts Bay (site of the Boston municipal sewage outfall) represents a future approach for monitoring, modeling, and managing municipal wastes through adaptive sampling and data assimilation. The CMO experiment was devoted to a host of processes, which affect optical variability on the continental shelf south of Cape Cod, MA. Our time series measurements of physical and bio-optical variables have been used for examining physical/bio-optical interactions and sediment resuspension. The passages of packets of internal solitary waves and two hurricanes (Edouard and Hortense) have provided us the opportunity to analyze and model these processes and their effects on particles and their associated biooptical properties for the first time. In addition, the spectral data sets have been utilized to model the partitioning of the various components of spectral absorption. Simulations of the bottom boundary layer using a turbulence closure model have demonstrated that wave and mixing effects are important for sediment resuspension during the hurricane passages. 3. Ocean Technology: Ocean technology is of special importance because in situ interdisciplinary observations of the ocean are so sparse in both time and space. My particular interest in ocean technology resulted from a desire to develop interdisciplinary coupled models of the upper ocean. Our early modeling experiments utilized varying optical water types and provided interesting insights, but few data were available for validation or model development. As mentioned earlier, I realized that special in situ optical and biological data were going to be required with sampling at time and space scales comparable to those of the physical variables. The shipboard-profiling mode of sampling was being utilized by many investigators. However, I felt that important breakthroughs would require concurrent physical and biological high-resolution long-term, time series, which would be capable of capturing a nearly complete suite of processes. Clearly, inclusion of important diel, internal gravity wave, inertial, sub-mesoscale, mesoscale, seasonal, and interannual scale 31 processes required such time series. During the Biowatt experiment in the North Atlantic, our group modified an autonomous profiler (cyclesonde) and obtained a minimal set of physical and bio-optical data. Next we developed a prototype multi-variable moored system (MVMS), which was based on a vector measuring current meter (VMCM). We initially modified the VMCM by adding bio-optical and chemical sensors (beam transmissometer, stimulated fluorometer, photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) sensor, and dissolved oxygen sensor). MVMS’s have been used for several of the experiments described earlier. More recently, we have developed several new optical systems to measure inherent and apparent optical properties spectrally during the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) program, Coastal Mixing and Optics program, and the HyCODE program and the NOPP O-SCOPE and MOSEAN programs. The Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) program, which has been sponsored by NSF, ONR, and NASA, provides the oceanographic community with a deep-water platform for testing new instrumentation. Scientific studies also utilize data collected from the BTM. Surface instruments have collected meteorological and spectral radiometric data from the buoy tower and measurements at depth have included: currents, temperature, and bio-optical, chemical, and acoustical variables. The BTM captures a broad dynamic range of oceanic variability (minutes to years). During the BTM program, several new sensors and systems have been tested by U.S. and international groups. These include new measurements of pCO2, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, trace elements, several spectral inherent and apparent optical properties, 14C for primary production, and currents. Our NASA SIMBIOS study using the BTM demonstrated that moorings-of-opportunity can be effectively used to collect very large volumes of accurate spectral radiometric data. Already these data sets have been used to evaluate the performance of the SeaWiFS ocean color satellite sensors. Several of the scientific results described earlier (Hurricane Felix and eddy passages) and more recently data collected during the passage of Hurricane Fabian (September, 2003) were made possible through the BTM program; also, a large number of investigators are using the program for science and technology. Our HyCODE project has focused on higher spectral resolution (nanometer scale resolution across the visible spectrum) measurements, which we use to develop relationships between IOPs and AOPs and ultimately to identify and quantify the various contributions to the optical signals (e.g., phytoplankton by species groups, detrital materials, dissolved matter, etc.). These data sets are also important for validation and algorithm development for the Navy hyperspectral imagers flown in aircraft. This work has entailed cooperative efforts with specialized companies. A recent example of a highly collaborative, integrative activity is the National Ocean Partnership Program (NOPP) Ocean-Systems for Chemical, Optical, and Physical Experiments (O-SCOPE) project. Investigators came from universities, private research institutions, government laboratories, and private industry. Important advances resulting from the OSCOPE work include the development of new mechanisms for reducing the adverse effects of biofouling, new chemical sensor capabilities, and telemetry of data from remote sites. The ongoing NOPP MOSEAN project (sites off Hawaii and Santa Barbara) builds on O-SCOPE and expands its objectives to develop additional in situ chemical and hyperspectral optical sensors. As mentioned earlier, we have worked with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in order to complement our mooring time series activities. AUVs have great potential for providing spatial data sets. Thus far, we have interfaced bio-optical sensors to the Southampton Oceanographic Centre’s (SOC) Autosub AUV in collaboration with Gwyn Griffiths of SOC and examined spatial variability in the vicinity of the BTM. In addition, we have studied fronts, sub-mesoscale features, and sediment resuspension using the Odyssey AUV (in collaboration with Jim Bellingham, now at MBARI) in Massachusetts Bay. I plan to continue my international efforts on behalf of interdisciplinary oceanography and earth sciences, new ocean technologies, and global observing systems. I will contribute reviews in these areas as in the past. Because of the sparseness of ocean data, we will also continue to work with collaborators in the general areas of ocean sampling and observing systems (in situ and remote) and data assimilation modeling. 32
