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Trends of perfluorinated compounds in Inuit from different districts in Greenland Manhai Long1, Rossana Bossi2, Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen1 1Unit of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology (CMT), Centre for Arctic Environmental Medicine (CAM), Institute of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Denmark. 2National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) - “teflon” chemicals PFCs are organofluorine compounds belonging to the persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Applications: Stain repellents, packaging materials, fire-fighting foams, textiles, carpet, lubricants and various coatings e.g. Teflon on pans and pots Potential Health Effects: cancer, organ damage, reproductive effects, immune system suppression, obesity. Human exposure pathway of PFCs PFCs have been detected in human blood, breast milk, and umbilical cord blood from different countries: USA, Canada, Brazil, Italy, Poland, Germany, Belgium, Sweden, Japan, China, India, Malaysia and Australia. PFCs in Arctic region • PFCs are transported to the Arctic via the atmosphere and ocean currents • For human, PFCs were measured in blood in the Arctic region of Canada, Alaska, Sweden, Russia, Norway and Faroe Island • For Greenland, PFCs have been found in the marine food chain with increasing trend during 1982-2006. •Until now no data was reported on human levels of PFCs in Greenlandic Inuit. Aim Assessing the level of selected perfluorinated compounds in the serum of Inuit from different Greenlandic districts 284 Greenlandic Inuit (74 males, 209 females) 10 districts (north, west, south and east) 10 PFCs: 3 perfluorooctane sulfate (PFSA) 7 perfluorcarboxylated acids (PFCA) Analysing the time trend of serum PFCs in Inuit from Nuuk District differences of PFCs ∑PFC As ∑PFS As PFOA n=29 ∑ PFCAs: PFHpA+PFOA+PFNA+PFDA+PFUnA+PFDoA+PFTrA ∑ PFSAs: PFOS+PFHxS+PFOSA PFOS n=2 n=18 n=24 n=19 n=20 n=13 n=7 n=142 n=10 Serum PFCs level (1997-2006) District Qaannaq Upernavik Uummannaq Iluissat Qeqertarsuaq Sisimiut Nuuk Narsaq Tasiilaq Ittoqqortoormit PFOS 10.5 83.4 13.2 39.7 5.74 7.04 30.6 3.93 51.3 13.5 (male+female) median ng /ml PFOA ∑ PFSAs 0.62 12 6.3 92.3 0.67 14 2.7 44.1 0.53 6.51 0.67 8.31 2.65 32.7 0.39 4.63 3.2 62.5 0.68 15.2 ∑ PFCAs 1.75 11.3 2.84 5.95 1.78 1.47 6.23 1.41 8.1 2.18 The median serum PFOS level of Greenlandic Inuit was higher than other Arctic populations but Nunavut, Canada and similar to Europeans Male Inuit had higher PFCs level than females but no gender difference for n-3/n-6 * was found *n-3/n-6 : indicator of marine mammals intake Correlation of serum PFCs and age, n3/n-6 Single gender as well as the pooled data of serum PFCs levels were positively correlated to age and marine mammals intake (n-3/n-6 ) Time trend of PFCs in Nuuk Inuit (1998-2005) PFCs Male+Female Slope (%) 95%CI p value PFNA 28 4.4-52 < 0.05 PFDA 28 8.9-47 < 0.03 PFDoA 10 5.7-15 < 0.02 PFTrA 13 11-15 < 0.009 Conclusions Significant districts differences in serum PFCs levels Higher levels for males than females PFCs positively correlated to age and n-3/n-6 However, other sources than marine food must contribute to the human bioaccumulation of PFCs An increase trend of PFCs was found for Nuuk Inuit Perspectives Climate change might affect the transportation of PFCs to the Arctic Effect biomarkers for serum PFCs levels must be developed The correlation of serum PFCs levels and health risks must be evaluated The possible interaction between PFCs and other POPs must be studied Follow up studies must be performed Acknowledgement Thanks to my colleagues at the CAM / CMT research group Thanks for financial support from the research fond of University of Aarhus Thank you for your attention