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ITEC 502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 Chapter 1: Introduction ITEC 502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 Chapter 1: Introduction Mi-Jung Choi [email protected] DPNM Lab. Dept. of CSE, POSTECH Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is an operating system History of operating systems The operating system zoo Computer hardware review Operating system concepts System calls Operating system structure ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 3 Introduction A computer system consists of – hardware – system programs – application programs ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 4 What is an Operating System It is an extended machine – Hides the messy details which must be performed – Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use It is a resource manager – Each program gets time with the resource – Each program gets space on the resource ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 5 History of Operating Systems (1) Early batch system – – – – bring cards to 1401 read cards to tape put tape on 7094 which does computing put tape on 1401 which prints output ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 6 History of Operating Systems (2) First generation 1945 - 1955 – vacuum tubes, plug boards Second generation 1955 - 1965 – transistors, batch systems Third generation 1965 – 1980 – ICs and multiprogramming Fourth generation 1980 – present – personal computers ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 7 History of Operating Systems (3) Structure of a typical FMS job – 2nd generation ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 8 History of Operating Systems (4) Multiprogramming system – three jobs in memory – 3rd generation ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 9 The Operating System Zoo Mainframe operating systems Server operating systems Multiprocessor operating systems Personal computer operating systems Real-time operating systems Embedded operating systems Smart card operating systems ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 10 Computer Hardware Review (1) Monitor Bus Components of a simple personal computer ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 11 Computer Hardware Review (2) (a) A three-stage pipeline (b) A superscalar CPU ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 12 Computer Hardware Review (3) Typical memory hierarchy – numbers shown are rough approximations ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 13 Computer Hardware Review (4) Structure of a disk drive ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 14 Computer Hardware Review (5) One base-limit pair and two base-limit pairs ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 15 Computer Hardware Review (6) (a) (b) (a) Steps in starting an I/O device and getting interrupt (b) How the CPU is interrupted ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 16 Computer Hardware Review (7) Structure of a large Pentium system ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 17 Operating System Concepts (1) A process tree – A created two child processes, B and C – B created three child processes, D, E, and F ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 18 Operating System Concepts (2) (a) A potential deadlock ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 (b) an actual deadlock 19 Operating System Concepts (3) File system for a university department ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 20 Operating System Concepts (4) Before mounting, – files on floppy are inaccessible After mounting floppy on b, – files on floppy are part of file hierarchy ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 21 Operating System Concepts (5) Two processes connected by a pipe ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 22 Steps in Making a System Call There are 11 steps in making the system call read (fd, buffer, nbytes) ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 23 System Calls for Process Management ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 24 System Calls for File Management ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 25 System Calls for Directory Management ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 26 System Calls for Miscellaneous Tasks ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 27 System Calls (1) A stripped down shell: while (TRUE) { type_prompt( ); read_command (command, parameters) /* repeat forever */ /* display prompt */ /* input from terminal */ if (fork() != 0) { /* Parent code */ waitpid( -1, &status, 0); } else { /* Child code */ execve (command, parameters, 0); } } /* fork off child process */ ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 /* wait for child to exit */ /* execute command */ 28 System Calls (2) Processes have three segments: text, data, stack ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 29 System Calls (3) (a) Two directories before linking /usr/jim/memo to ast's directory (b) The same directories after linking ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 30 System Calls (4) (a) File system before the mount (b) File system after the mount ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 31 System Calls (5) Some Win32 API calls ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 32 Operating System Structure (1) Simple structuring model for a monolithic system ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 33 Operating System Structure (2) Structure of the THE operating system ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 34 Operating System Structure (3) Structure of VM/370 with CMS ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 35 Operating System Structure (4) The client-server model ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 36 Operating System Structure (5) The client-server model in a distributed system ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 37 Metric Units The metric prefixes ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 38 Review 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. What is an operating system History of operating systems The operating system zoo Computer hardware review Operating system concepts System calls Operating system structure ITEC502 컴퓨터 시스템 및 실습 39