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PARTICIPLES
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WHAT ARE PARTICIPLES?
VERBAL ADJECTIVES
 I.E. VERBS THAT DESCRIBE NOUNS
 E.G THE RUNNING MAN; A LOVING
WIFE; A SCOLDED CHILD
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Are there different kinds of
participles?
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Yes, because participles are VERBal adjectives
they have tenses and voices just like VERBS.
There are three tenses for participles: present,
perfect, future (like English’s present, past,
future)
Participles can be Active or Passive voice
Most participles are either present active or
perfect passive
HOW DO I IDENTIFY
PARTICIPLES?
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LOOK FOR –NS OR –NT__ ENDINGS
These will be PRESENT ACTIVE participles
LOOK FOR VERB FORMS THAT END –
US, -A, -UM
These will be PERFECT ACTIVE/PASSIVE
participles
HOW DO I TRANSLATE
PARTICIPLES?
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PRESENT ACTIVE: -ING
PERFECT ACTIVE: HAVING ________ED
PERFECT PASSIVE: HAVING BEEN __ED
(P.P.P. ALTERNATE _______ED)
DO I DECLINE OR
CONJUGATE PARTICIPLES?
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PARTICIPLE ARE DECLINED
PRESENT PART. USE 3RD DECLENSION
PERFECT PART. USE 1ST/2ND DECL.
WHAT IS AGREEMENT?
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PARTICIPLES ARE ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES AGREE WITH NOUNS IN
THREE WAYS:
CASE (nom/gen/dat/acc/abl/voc)
NUMBER (singular/plural)
GENDER (masculine/feminine/neuter)
WHY ARE THERE ACTIVE
AND PASSIVE PARTICIPLES?
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SOME VERBS ARE DEPONENT
DEPONENT VERBS LOOK PASSIVE BUT
ARE TRANSLATED ACTIVELY
THUS THEIR PARTICIPLES LOOK LIKE
PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLES, BUT
ARE TRANSLATED AS PERFECT ACTIVE
PARTICIPLES
THE 6 PERF. ACT. PART.
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INGRESSUS
REGRESSUS
ADEPTUS
PRECATUS
LOCUTUS
CONSPICATUS