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The MED-CSD project: Potential for CSP desalination development in Mediterranean Countries Massimo Moser DLR German Aerospace Center, Institute of Technical Thermodynamic SolarPACES – Perpignan, 23 September 2010 Slide 1 AQUA-CSP scenario for Middle East and North Africa Potential Water deficit Source: AQUA-CSP 2007 It is essential to start a paradigm change now! Slide 2 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Conventional Desalination Plant Fossil fuel Power Plant Screening Filtration Desalination Unit Open intake Direct discharge Anti-Scaling Anti-Foaming Anti-Corrosion Chlorine Source: Catalana de Perforacions Slide 3 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Sustainable Desalination Plant CSP collector and thermal storage Power Plant NanoFiltration Desalination Unit Horizontal drain intake Source: Catalana de Perforacions Multi-port diffuser Source: CORMIX Slide 4 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Selective membrane Feed water Permeate Separation method which bases on selective membrane: water passage is pressure dependent, while salt passage is constant Required pressure (55 – 70 bar) Concentrate Salinity of product water: < 300 ppm for 1-stage systems < 50 ppm for 2-stages plants Relatively high electricity consumption: 3 - 6 kWh/m3 Very specific pre-treatment of feed water required Source: comptonengineering Slide 5 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Multiple effect distillation (MED) Heat source Typical co-generation application Feed water Distillate Brine Bases on multiple evaporation and condensation processes in different stages, which allow for an optimal employment of the available heat for water production High water quality (< 10 ppm) Working temperature: 65 - 80 °C Low internal electricity consumption (< 0.6 kWh/m3 distillate) Source: ENTROPIE Slide 6 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 CSP-RO configuration Electrical interconnection only CSP plant can be located away from the coast Dry-cooling (lower efficiency vs. higher DNI) Slide 7 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 CSP-MED configuration Interdependent operation Limited to coast Hot water tank allows for compensation of variations in the turbine thermal output and thus for an almost constant water production Higher specific investment for MED, but saving of condenser cost Slide 8 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Site selection Source: DLR, kernenergien 10 locations, 4 configurations, 2 DNI models 80 cases! Slide 9 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Technical model & boundary conditions Net power plant capacity Thermal energy storage Water production 16 7,8 8,000 MW hours (Solar multiple 2) m3/day Same electricity demand curve for ALL simulated locations! Site coordinates Plant configuration Direct normal irradiation Ambient temperature Output file Wind velocity Water demand Electricity demand Yearly simulation with INSEL v8 Slide 10 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Summer/winter comparison: Result overview - summer case 20 18 1000 16 14 800 12 600 10 8 400 6 4 200 Net electricity production [MW] DNI [W/m 2]; Qsto [MWh]; Md [m 3/h] 1200 DNI Qstor Md Pel_net 2 0 4392 4404 4416 4428 4440 4452 4464 4476 In summer the day is longer and the storage can be charged by day, allowing bridging the night almost without fossil fuel consumption 0 4488 Hour of the year [-] Result overview - winter case 20 18 1000 16 14 800 12 600 10 8 400 6 4 200 Net electricity production [MW] DNI [W/m 2]; Qsto [MWh]; Md [m 3/h] 1200 DNI Qstor Md In winter the day is shorter and the low sun elevation causes large efficiency losses. The storage can not be completely charged Pel_net 2 0 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 0 120 Hour of the year [-] Slide 11 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Main results of the technical model Hybrid rate varies between ca 25% and 50% in function of available solar resources and in minor measure of plant configuration Seawater salinity affects the internal electrical consumption of the RO influence on the size of solar field and turbine The cooling system in the RO case is a dry-cooling; the design ambient temperature plays a very important role The MED has a quite stable behaviour, due to the presence of the hot water tank Slide 12 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Financial models 2 financing options (Source: EIB) Corporate (or promoter) finance Financing partners provide funding to the promoter (a company, a consortium of companies or an institution) The cash flows are discounted with the WACC Project finance The project is realized and financed via a standalone project company The equity cash flows are discounted with the required rate of return on equity (private investor's point of view) Slide 13 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Main results of the financial model Source: EDF, kernenergien Slide 14 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Main results of the financial model Assuming the private investor's point of view (the “realistic” point of view), none of the analysed configuration is economically feasible (NPV<0) Adequate feed-in tariff or a grant is necessary In Italy, where existing Feed-in-Tariffs are assumed in the model, just a small grant is required Private investors require high revenues in risky countries like Palestine and Egypt (up to 20 %) This is an obstacle for the project profitability also in locations with an excellent solar irradiation like Safaga (EGY2) With the given assumptions, the LFR-RO is the more profitable configuration. However LFR is not as mature as PT and MED require a simpler water pre-treatment, final decision case-by-case (site dependent) Slide 15 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 Conclusions Increasing water shortages require a paradigm change in the water sector supply; countermeasures in order to improve efficiency in the water sector have to be taken as soon as possible (drip systems, water distribution and re-use, avoidance of water-intensive crops) However these countermeasures will not be sufficient to cover the water deficit and new water sources have to be tapped Sustainable desalination driven by CSP is a valid option: the energy source is large enough to cope with demand and CSP is a proven technology CSP mitigates the risk if energy cost escalation, allows for a flexible plant operation. First pilot and demonstration plants will show the attractiveness of this sustainable solution Slide 16 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010 For more information: www.med-csd-ec.eu www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp Thank you! Slide 17 The MED-CSD project – Massimo Moser – Perpignan, 23.09.2010