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Business statistics and registers Energy statistics, part 1 Production and use of energy Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 1 Electricity industries • The electricity industries are involved in electric power generation, transmission and distribution • This includes the generation of bulk electric power, transmission from generating facilities to distribution centers and distribution to end users • Gross electricity production is measured at the terminals of all alternator sets in a station Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 2 Gas industries • The gas industries are involved in the manufacture of gas, and distribution of gaseous fuels through mains • The separate operation of gas pipelines, typically done over long distances, is excluded • Wholesale of gaseous fuels and retail sale of bottled gas are also excluded Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 3 Cooling industries • Cooling is the transfer of thermal energy via thermal radiation, heat conduction or convection • Section D of the ISIC includes: - Production and distribution of cooled air, chilled water, and ice Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 4 Energy • Energy is the capacity for doing work or for producing heat or cooling • Energy statistics refer to: Energy industries Energy commodities Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 5 Sources of energy - overview • Combustible sources of energy may be transformed into mechanical energy with or without subsequent transformation into electricity • Mechanical energy and electricity may also be derived from the kinetic energy of a mass of water that moves from one level to another or from wind • Heat may be produced from a great variety of sources • Each source of energy has its particular advantages and disadvantages in terms of storage and transportability Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 6 Sources of energy – coal and oil • Fossil fuels are dominant sources of energy • In many countries, coal continues to be one of the principal energy sources • Coal includes all coal, both primary and derived fuels • Crude oil is a mineral oil consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons of natural origin Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 7 Sources of energy - gas • Gas includes natural gas, coke oven gas, blast furnace gas and gas works gas • Natural gas comprises gases, occurring in underground deposits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane • Coke oven gas is obtained as a by-product of the manufacture of coke oven coke for the production of iron and steel • Blast furnace gas is produced during the combustion of coke in blast furnaces • Gas works gas covers all types of gas produced in public utility or private gas plants Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 8 Sources of energy - biomass • Combustible renewables and waste comprises solid biomass and animal products, gas/liquids from biomass, industrial waste and municipal waste • Biomass is defined as any plant matter used directly as fuel or converted into fuels or electricity and/or heat • Municipal waste comprises wastes collected by or for local authorities for disposal in a central location for the production of heat and/or power Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 9 Sources of energy - other • Some sources of energy older than fossil fuels include the sun, wind, tides and waves, and the hot rocks beneath the earth's surface • Geothermal and solar energy production is indigenous production of geothermal, solar, wind, tide and wave energy • Hydro is the energy content of the electricity produced in hydro power plants • Nuclear energy is in a class of its own Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 10 Concepts in energy statistics • Primary fuels are fuels are not derived from any other source of energy • Primary fuels include coal, crude oil and natural gas, and fissionable materials • Primary energy is energy from sources that involve only extraction or capture Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 11 Concepts in energy statistics • Secondary energy is energy from all sources of energy that result from transformation of primary sources • Fuels are energy sources that must be subjected to combustion or fission to release energy • Imports, exports and stock changes in secondary energy should be treated in an energy balance in the same ways as changes in the supply and use of primary energy. These flows of secondary energy should be designated as primary energy equivalents. Copyright 2010, The World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved. 12