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Syllabus of Biochemistry I Lecture 1---Biochemistry and the genomic Revolution DNA illustrates the relation between form and function Biochemical unity underlies biological diversity Chemical bonds in biochemistry Biochemistry and human biology Lecture 2---Biochemical evolution Key organic molecules used in living system Evolution requires reproduction, variation, and selective pressure Energy transformations are necessary to sustain living system Cells can respond to changes in their environment Lecture 3---Protein structure and function Proteins are built from a repertoire of 20 amino acids Primary, secondary , tertiary , and quaternary structure of proteins The amino acid sequence of a protein determines its three dimensional structure Lecture 4---Exploring proteins (1) The purification of the proteins is the first essential step towards understanding their functions Techniques used in protein purification Lecture 5---Exploring proteins (2) Techniques used in protein purification (continued) Determine the amino acid sequence of a protein Synthesis of peptides Determine the three dimensional structures of proteins by NMR and X-ray crystallography Lecture 6---Enzymes (1) Enzymes are powerful and highly specific catalysts Free energy is a useful thermodynamic function for understanding enzymes The Michaelis-Menten model accounts for kinetic properties of many enzymes Lecture 7---Enzymes (2) Enzymes can be inhibited by specific molecules Vitamins are often precursors of coenzymes Basic catalytic principle used by many enzymes Proteases: Facilitating a difficult reaction Lecture 8---Enzyme (3) Carbonic anhydrases: Making a fast reaction center Restriction enzymes: Performing highly specific DNA cleavage reactions Nucleoside monophosphate kinase Lecture 9---Carbohydrates Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides Glycoconjugates: Proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids Carbohydrates as informational molecules: The sugar code Lecture 10---Nucleotides and nucleic acids Chemical composition and structure of nucleotides Discovery as genetic materials Structure of DNA and RNA Mutation of DNA DNA sequencing technology Lecture 11---Lipids General properties of lipids Storage lipids Lipids as structural elements Lipids as functional molecules Lecture 12---Biological membranes and transport The composition and architecture of membranes Membrane dynamics Solute transport across membranes Lecture 13---Biosignaling (1) General introduction of biosignaling Receptor enzymes (Insulin signaling pathway) Receptors with no intrinsic enzyme activity Lecture 14---Biosignaling (2) G protein-coupled signaling pathway Second messenger Signaling mechanism steroid hormone Regulation of cell cycle Oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and aptopsis Lecture 15---Biosignaling (3) Signaling in bacterial system General introduction of plant cell signaling Signaling pathway of ethylene