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Download 14. Plant - Animal Relations
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PLANT / ANIMAL RELATIONSHIPS Year 13 Biology Herbivory • Grazers Browsing Sap Sucker - aphid Sucker! Nectar feeders • Bat Humming bird Butterfly What a borer! Stem borer that is Huhu grubs Yummy Adult huhu beetle Root chewers – grass grub Pollen feeder - Bee Fruit eaters • Bat Iguana Seed eaters Gum eater • Black-tailed marmoset licking gum that is dripping down a tree limb. Plant defences Thorns! More thorns Ongaonga – not just thorns – poison ones! People have died when they fell into stinging nettle! Divarication - Coprosma Divarication • Very common in NZ shrubs and young trees • Short, strong, much-branching twigs • Leaves on the “inside” • Hard for herbivores to get at • Could be a result of natural selection by moa browsing Chemicals • Chillies form antibiotics against bacteria Boy – you find some interesting things when you search for chillies! Pyrethrin daisy Ahrrg pyrethrin Smelly plants • Onions Garlic • Peppermint Cinnamon Parapara – Birds beware! Low growing point –grass, dandelion, plantain Protected seeds • Hard shell (Brazil nut) Prickles (Chestnut) Seed masting in tussock • low year (2001) high year (1999) Plants hiding - Peekaboo! Flowers are a bit of a giveaway! Regeneration • This dandelion has regenerated from a piece of root left on the ground Waxy cuticle • Note how the waxy cuticle on this kale plant repels water – and makes it hard for pathogens to enter Which is ok until one of these little bug***s pierces it Co-operation between plants • One plant may protect nearby plants • Eg- Marigold roots secrete nematode- killing chemicals, (and they are pretty too)! Willows and alders warn neighbours of insect attack Alder Willow Hey mate! Watch out! Alder leaf Thanks dude!
