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Introduction to Chemistry Papers go on pages 40 L/R What is Chemistry, anyways? The study of matterits structure, its properties, and how it changes Matter Matter = any material substance with Mass & Volume Matter- comes in 3 phases Solid Gas Liquid Solid Definite Shape Definite Volume Liquid Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Definite Volume Gas Indefinite Shape – takes the shape of the container Indefinite Volume – can expand and be compressed Properties of Matter • Characteristics of matter that can be observed using your senses, or can be tested during a chemical reaction –Physical properties –Chemical properties Atoms • The smallest type of matter is the atom • Atoms come in many varieties Sub-atomic Particles Protons: in nucleus, positive charge, p+ Neutrons: in nucleus, no charge, n0 Electrons – orbiting nucleus, negative charge, e- Elements -Matter made of only one kind of atom -118 known elements Examples of Elements SYMBOL ELEMENT O Nitrogen Fe Silver C Calcium Compounds • Substance that is made up of different atoms bonded together • Compounds have different properties than the individual elements H -colorless, odorless gas -extremely flammable -BP: -252.8̊ C O -colorless, odorless gas -highly reactive -BP: -183̊̊̊̊̊̊ C H 2O -gas, liquid, solid -universal solvent -BP: 100̊ C Examples of Compounds Formula NaCl H2O KOH H2SO4 H2O2 Elements Involved Total # Atoms Compound Name Types of Compounds Inorganic Compounds or Organic Compounds • usually don’t contain • always contain Carbon, Carbon and usually H, O, N, sometimes S & P • generally come from the earth • generally simple molecules • come from within organisms • generally complex molecules Examples of Inorganic Compounds H + O = H2O = Water H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt Examples of Organic Compounds C, H + O C, H + O Carbohydrates = Sugars, starches & cellulose Lipids = Fats & Oils C, H, O, N, & sometimes P + S Proteins C, H, O, N, + P Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA Chemical Equations Atoms are not CREATED or DESTROYED during a chemical reaction. This is known as the LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS.