Download Basic chemistry lesson

Introduction to Chemistry
Papers go on pages 40 L/R
What is Chemistry, anyways?
The study of matterits structure, its properties,
and how it changes
Matter
Matter = any material
substance with Mass
& Volume
Matter- comes in 3 phases
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Definite Shape
Definite Volume
Liquid
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of the
container
Definite Volume
Gas
Indefinite Shape –
takes the shape of
the container
Indefinite Volume –
can expand and be
compressed
Properties of Matter
• Characteristics of matter that can be
observed using your senses, or can
be tested during a chemical reaction
–Physical properties
–Chemical properties
Atoms
• The smallest type of
matter is the atom
• Atoms come in many
varieties
Sub-atomic Particles
Protons: in nucleus,
positive charge, p+
Neutrons: in nucleus, no
charge, n0
Electrons – orbiting nucleus, negative charge, e-
Elements
-Matter made of only one kind
of atom
-118 known elements
Examples of Elements
SYMBOL
ELEMENT
O
Nitrogen
Fe
Silver
C
Calcium
Compounds
• Substance that is made up of different atoms
bonded together
• Compounds have different properties than the
individual elements
H
-colorless, odorless gas
-extremely flammable
-BP: -252.8̊ C
O

-colorless, odorless gas
-highly reactive
-BP: -183̊̊̊̊̊̊ C
H 2O
-gas, liquid, solid
-universal solvent
-BP: 100̊ C
Examples of Compounds
Formula
NaCl
H2O
KOH
H2SO4
H2O2
Elements Involved
Total #
Atoms
Compound Name
Types of Compounds
Inorganic Compounds
or
Organic Compounds
• usually don’t contain
• always contain Carbon,
Carbon
and usually H, O, N,
sometimes S & P
• generally come from the
earth
• generally simple
molecules
• come from within
organisms
• generally complex
molecules
Examples of Inorganic Compounds
H + O = H2O = Water
H + Cl = HCl = Hydrochloric Acid
C + O = CO2 = Carbon Dioxide
Na + Cl = NaCl = Common Table Salt
Examples of Organic
Compounds
C, H + O
C, H + O
Carbohydrates = Sugars,
starches & cellulose
Lipids = Fats & Oils
C, H, O, N, &
sometimes P + S
Proteins
C, H, O, N, + P
Nucleic Acids – DNA & RNA
Chemical Equations
Atoms are not CREATED or
DESTROYED during a chemical reaction.
This is known as the LAW OF
CONSERVATION OF MASS.