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Biology 30 Module 2 Body Actions and Systems: Maintaining Life Lessons 5 - 9 Copyright: Ministry of Education, Saskatchewan May be reproduced for educational purposes Biology 30 i Module 2 Biology 30 ii Module 2 Table of Contents Module Two: Body Actions and Systems: Maintaining Life Page Lesson 5 – Body (Cell) Requirements Vocabulary ..................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... Objectives ..................................................................................................... Foods and Nutrients ......................................................................................... Autotrophs – Heterotrophs ................................................................................ Processes Involving Foods ................................................................................. Some Major Nutrients and Their Values ............................................................ How Organisms obtain and Process Food .......................................................... Fungi and heterotrophic Bacteria ...................................................................... Protists (or Protozoans) ..................................................................................... Cnidarians ..................................................................................................... Worms ..................................................................................................... Mollusks ..................................................................................................... Arthropods ..................................................................................................... Vertebrates ..................................................................................................... Locating Food ................................................................................................... Ingesting the Food ............................................................................................ Variations in Digestive Systems ........................................................................ What happens in the Mouth ............................................................................. What happens in the Stomach .......................................................................... The Work of the Small Intestine ........................................................................ Absorption in the Small Intestine ...................................................................... The Large Intestine ........................................................................................... Extracellular – Intracellular Digestion ............................................................... Gas Exchanges (Respiration) ............................................................................. Respiration in Plants and other Producers ........................................................ Respiration in Plant Organs .............................................................................. Respiration in Consumers................................................................................. Fungi ..................................................................................................... Unicellular “Animals” ........................................................................................ Multicellular “Animals” ..................................................................................... How Breathing Happens ................................................................................... Some Respiratory Disorders .............................................................................. Summary ..................................................................................................... 4 5 7 7 7 8 11 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 26 26 28 30 31 32 34 35 36 37 39 40 45 46 47 47 56 59 61 Assignment 5 .................................................................................................... 63 Biology 30 iii Module 2 Lesson 6 – Body (Cell) Wastes Vocabulary ..................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... Objectives ..................................................................................................... The Meaning of “Waste” .................................................................................... The Importance of Removing Wastes ................................................................. Excretion, Secretion and Egestion ..................................................................... Plants ..................................................................................................... Plant Excretion and Egestion ............................................................................ Why Do Trees Lose their Leaves? ...................................................................... Comparison of Excretory Systems ..................................................................... Unicellular (Protist) Organisms ......................................................................... Colonial-Type or Simple, Multicellular Organisms ............................................. Worms ..................................................................................................... Arthropods ..................................................................................................... Vertebrates ..................................................................................................... Nitrogen Wastes ................................................................................................ The Functioning Kidney .................................................................................... Urine Formation ............................................................................................... The Skin ..................................................................................................... Summary ..................................................................................................... 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 92 93 93 94 94 95 97 98 100 101 103 106 107 Assignment 6 .................................................................................................... 111 Lesson 7 – Transport System Vocabulary ..................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... Objectives ..................................................................................................... Transported Substances ................................................................................... Possible Functions of Transport Systems .......................................................... Molecular Movements Through Cell Membranes ............................................... Components of Transport Systems .................................................................... Transport in Multicellular Organisms Without Apparent Vessels ....................... Multicellular Animals........................................................................................ Transport Medium: Blood ................................................................................ Lymph Circulation ............................................................................................ The Heart in Action ........................................................................................... Blood Types ..................................................................................................... Circulatory System irregularities ....................................................................... Summary ..................................................................................................... 132 133 134 135 135 136 136 137 138 145 151 154 156 158 160 Assignment 7 .................................................................................................... 161 Biology 30 iv Module 2 Lesson 8 – Nervous and Sensory Systems Vocabulary ..................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... Objectives ..................................................................................................... The Neuron ..................................................................................................... Activity 1 ..................................................................................................... Activity 2 ..................................................................................................... Comparison of Nervous Systems ....................................................................... Nervous Systems of Representative Groups ....................................................... Synapses and Their Significance ....................................................................... The Organization of the Nervous System ........................................................... Chemicals and the Nervous System .................................................................. The Senses ..................................................................................................... General Roles of Receptors and Senses ............................................................. Mechanoreceptors – Touch, Pressure, Hearing .................................................. Photoreceptors – Eyespots and Eyes ................................................................. Summary ..................................................................................................... 182 183 184 185 189 189 191 191 197 201 213 215 217 224 227 233 Assignment 8 .................................................................................................... 235 Lesson 9 – Chemical Control and Coordination Vocabulary ..................................................................................................... Introduction ..................................................................................................... Objectives ..................................................................................................... Hormones ..................................................................................................... Chemical Messengers in Animals ...................................................................... The Endocrine System ...................................................................................... The Nerve-Endocrine Relationship .................................................................... The Vertebrate Endocrine System ..................................................................... Other Glands and Hormones ............................................................................ Balancing Hormonal Actions ............................................................................. Biofeedback ..................................................................................................... Pheromones ..................................................................................................... Summary ..................................................................................................... The Project ..................................................................................................... 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 264 273 275 278 279 280 281 Assignment 9 .................................................................................................... 283 Biology 30 v Module 2
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