Download Cancer Statistics: In Brief

BRIEFING PAPER
Number SN06887, 6 December 2016
Cancer Statistics: In Brief
By Carl Baker
Inside:
Cancer diagnoses
Cancer and age
Deaths from cancer
Survival rates
Waiting times
Screening
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Number SN06887, 6 December 2016
2
Cancer diagnoses
296,000 people were diagnosed with cancer in England in 2014. This
amounts to an age-standardised incidence rate of 670 cases per
100,000 people for men and 546 per 100,000 for women. These rates
are 3.4% and 16.2% higher respectively than the incidence rates from
1995. 1
Cancer diagnoses and deaths from cancer, 1995 to 2014, UK
Age-standardised rate per 100,000 population
800
600
400
2014
2005
1995
2014
2005
1995
2014
2005
1995
2014
2005
1995
200
0
Male diagnoses
Female diagnoses
Male deaths
Female deaths
Since 1995 the gender gap between male and female diagnosis rates
has narrowed from 38% to 23%.
The most common cancers among men are prostate (28% of all cancers
in men), lung (14%) and colorectal (13%). Among women, the most
common are breast (34%), lung (13%) and colorectal (11%). For both
genders, the most common three cancers account for more than half of
all cancers.
Most common cancers, by gender (percent of all diagnoses, 2014)
Men
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal
Skin
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Bladder
Kidney
Oesophagus
28%
14%
13%
5%
5%
4%
4%
3%
Women
Breast
Lung
Colorectal
Uterus
Skin
Ovary
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Pancreas
34%
13%
11%
6%
5%
5%
4%
3%
Total
Breast
Prostate
Lung
Colorectal
Skin
Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Kidney
Bladder
After accounting for differences in the age of the population, rates are
highest in the North East of England and lowest in London & the East of
England.
There are relatively few cancer types where age-standardised rates differ
significantly between UK constituent countries. 2
1
2
ONS Cancer Registrations 2014
Read more at http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancerstatistics/incidence/common-cancers-compared#m1y5QrVz3FihOIdB.99
17%
14%
14%
12%
5%
4%
3%
3%
3
Cancer Statistics: In Brief
Cancer and age
Cancer is most common among older people. Two thirds of diagnoses
are for those aged 65 or over, and 23% are for those aged 80 and over.
Just 11% of cancer diagnoses are for people aged 49 or below. 3
The cancer diagnosis rate among men aged 75-79 is around 34 times
higher than in men aged 35-39. For women aged 75-79 the rate is 11
times higher than in ages 35-39.
Cancer diagnosesby age, 2014, UK
Age-standardised rate per 100,000 population
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89
Males
Females
Cumulative percentage of cases in each age category
30-49, 9%
Age 50-64, 24%
Age 65-79, 42%
There is some age variation between different types of cancer. Over
80% of bladder cancers and oesophageal cancers are diagnosed in
those aged 65+. 78% of lung cancer cases are in those aged 65+.By
contrast, two thirds of breast cancers are diagnosed in women aged
under 65. 57% of cancers of the lip, oral cavity or pharynx among men
are diagnosed in under-65s. 85% of cervical carcinomas are diagnosed
in women aged under 40 (the figure is 43% for cervical cancers).
3
ONS Cancer Registration Statistics 2014
Age 80+, 23%
90+
Number SN06887, 6 December 2016
Deaths from cancer
Between 1995 and 2014, cancer mortality rates
have fallen by 22% for men and 15% for
women. 4 Male mortality is higher than female
mortality, but
Male mortality is higher than female mortality,
but the gap has fallen over the past 19 years
from 59% to 46%. The chart to the right
shows trends.
Mortality from cancer, 1995-2014
England, rate per 100,000 population
500
400
300
Four-fifths of those who died from cancer in
England and Wales in 2015 were aged 65 or
over.
200
Cancer is the cause of over a quarter of deaths.
Among women aged 55-64, it is the cause of
more than half of deaths. The chart below
shows data for all ages for both men and
women.
100
0
1995
2007
2001
Men
2013
Women
Deaths from cancer as a % of all deaths, 2015, England & Wales
50%
25%
0%
All ages
<1
1-4
5-14
15-24
25-34
Male
Of 147,000 cancer deaths in England and
Wales in 2015, around 30,000 were due to
lung cancer. 14,000 were due to colorectal
cancer, over 10,000 were due to prostate
cancer, and around 10,000 were due to
breast cancer.
35-44
45-54
75-84
85+
Deaths from cancer by site, selected sites
2015, England & Wales
Lung
Colorectal
Men
Women
16,572
13,948
7,788
6,655
10,579
0
75
10,191
Pancreas
3,988
3,977
Oesophagus
4,794
2,174
Bladder
3,265
1,483
0
3,529
Breast
Ovary
ONS, Deaths Registered in England and Wales, 2014
65-74
Female
Prostate
4
55-64
4
5
Cancer Statistics: In Brief
Cancer mortality rate among under 75s
Age-standardised rate per 100,000 population, 2013-2015, county & UA
Highest Rates
Manchester
Knowsley
Blackpool
Kingston upon Hull
Liverpool
Salford
Hartlepool
Stoke-on-Trent
Halton
Oldham
Middlesbrough
Doncaster
195
191
191
190
186
185
183
178
177
174
174
173
Lowest Rates
Barnet
Westminster
Harrow
Rutland
Kensington and Chelsea
Redbridge
Buckinghamshire
Bromley
Oxfordshire
Wokingham
Dorset
Richmond upon Thames
106
107
109
109
111
112
113
117
117
117
117
118
Survival rates
Five-year cancer survival rates have increased substantially over recent
decades. In the early 70s, only around 30% of those diagnosed with
cancer could expect to survive for 5 years. In 2010-11, it was estimated
that 54% would survive for 5 years. 5 It is estimated that half of those
diagnosed with cancer will survive for 10 years. 6
Cancer five-year survival rates, 1971-2011
All cancers, England
60%
40%
20%
0%
1971-72
1980-81
All
1990-91
Male
2000-01
2005-06
2010-11
Female
Survival rates vary substantially between different types of cancer. 39 in
every 40 people diagnosed with skin or testicular cancer survive for at
least one year. By contrast, only 1 in 5 people diagnosed with pancreatic
cancer survive for a year, and only 1 in 20 survive for five years. For lung
cancer, 34% of men and 40% of women survive for one year, and 11%
of men and 16% of women survive for five years. 7
ONS, 40 years of cancer
Cancer Research
7
ONS Cancer Survival
5
6
Number SN06887, 6 December 2016
The table below shows one-year and five-year survival for selected
cancer sites.
Cancer survival rates, one-year and five-year, England
Age standardised; 2010-2014 registrations followed up to 2015
ONE YEAR
Cancer site
Testis
Skin
Breast
Prostate
Uterus
Cervix
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kidney
Colorectum
Ovary
Bladder
Leukaemia
Mesothelioma
Brain
Stomach
Oesophagus
Lung
Liver
Pancreas
FIVE YEAR
Men
98%
97%
94%
79%
77%
78%
78%
70%
46%
46%
45%
44%
34%
36%
21%
Women
98%
96%
91%
85%
82%
78%
76%
77%
67%
67%
51%
47%
44%
44%
40%
33%
23%
Cancer site
Testis
Skin
Breast
Prostate
Uterus
Cervix
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Kidney
Colorectum
Ovary
Bladder
Leukaemia
Mesothelioma
Brain
Stomach
Oesophagus
Lung
Liver
Pancreas
Men
97%
87%
84%
66%
59%
58%
57%
51%
6%
18%
18%
14%
11%
13%
5%
Waiting Times
There are a number of waiting times standards relating to cancer
diagnosis and treatment, including: 8
•
After a GP urgently refers a patient with suspected cancer, the
patient should see a consultant within two weeks. The target is
93%, and this is currently being met.
•
After a decision to treat for cancer has been made, the first
treatment should take place within 31 days. The target is 96%,
and this is currently being met.
•
Overall, a patient should wait no more than 62 days between an
urgent GP referral with suspected cancer, and their first treatment
for cancer. The target is 85%, and this has not been met for over
two years.
8
NHS England, Cancer Waiting Times
Women
93%
86%
78%
67%
71%
63%
58%
50%
48%
50%
10%
22%
21%
18%
16%
11%
6%
6
7
Cancer Statistics: In Brief
Screening
•
As of March 2016, 72.7% of women aged 25-64 were recorded
as having been adequately screened for cervical cancer. This has
fallen from 75.7% in 2011. In 2015/16, 3.09 million women were
tested on the cervical screening programme. 9
•
As of March 2015, 75.4% of women aged 53-70 had been
screened for breast cancer in the last three years. This has fallen
from 77.2% in 2011, but remains above the NHS Cancer
Screening Programmes’ minimum standard of 70%. 10
9
NHS Digital, Cervical Screening Programme
NHS Digital, Breast Screening Programme
10
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