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Chapter 6: Sedimentary Rocks
SEDIMENT - pieces of solid material that are
deposited by wind, water, ice, gravity, and
chemical precipitation
WEATHERING – a physical and chemical process
that breaks things down, like rock.
What are some examples of weathering you can think of?
How do you think these
rocks wound up the way
they did?
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF WEATHERING
CHEMICAL WEATHERING – when the chemical composition of the rock breaks down,
allowing for the mineral to break and fall apart easier
PHYSICAL WEATHERING – when water, wind, ice, gravity, and other non-chemical factors
wear away at something
Which do you think is an example of chemical weathering, and which
is an example of physical weathering? Why do you think that?
CATEGORIZING SEDIMENT
Pieces produced
from weathering are
called “clastic
fragments” and are
categorized by size.
The chart is broken
into 3 main
categories, and each
category is broken
into several
subcategories.
DEPOSITION
As movement slows down, sediment begins to settle. It usually
settles by size, larger ones dropping to the bottom first, then the
finer ones settling on top of it.
What are some examples
of this happening?
What are some situations
where this might not be
the case?
LITHIFICATION
LITHIFICATION is the process by which factors like temperature and
pressure come together to solidify sediment into sedimentary
rock.
The two stages are
COMPACTION and
CEMENTATION.
LITHIFICATION
LITHIFICATION is the process by which factors like temperature and
pressure come together to solidify sediment into sedimentary
rock.
COMPACTION happens
first. All the weight from
the layers of sediment
pushes almost all of the
water out of the
sediment. The small gaps
between the grains allow
for some water, gas, and
oil to remain behind.
LITHIFICATION
LITHIFICATION is the process by which factors like temperature and
pressure come together to solidify sediment into sedimentary
rock.
CEMENTATION is the
process by which the
grains are “glued”
together. There are
two types of
cementation.
LITHIFICATION
LITHIFICATION is the process by which factors like temperature and
pressure come together to solidify sediment into sedimentary
rock.
The first type happens when a new
mineral grows between the grains
and “glues” them together.
The second type happens when the
same mineral grows between and
over the same type of grains. This is
called OVERGROWTH.