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Fang Chen Spring 2004 Human cognition The Human • Understand human capacity and limitation • Related to HCI • Norman (1993) distinguishes between two general modes: – Experiential and reflective cognition Based on Dix et al., 2003 Two cognition mode • experiential – Perceive, act, and react to events around us effectively and effortlessly – It requires reaching a certain levels of expertise and engagement • Reflective – Thinking, comparing, and decision-making – Leads to new ideas and creativity The human • Information i/o … Cognitive process • • • • • • Attention Perception and recognition Memory Learning Reading, speaking, and listening Problem solving, planning, reasoning, decision making The sensors on human body - Sensory modalities On muscles: • Muscle and tendon receptors – visual, auditory, haptic, movement • Information stored in memory – sensory, short-term, long-term • Information processed and applied – reasoning, problem solving, skill, error • Emotion influences human capabilities • Each person is different On joints: •Changes in joint position •Speed of movement •Position of the joint •Pain sensation On the head •Vision •Hearing •Balance •Taste •Smell On the skin: •Head-cold •Pain •Touch-Pressure 1 Fang Chen Spring 2004 The misshape n somatic sensory cortex Schematic diagram of a neuron structure The relationship of CNS Dendrites Level 3 End foot from other neuron Level 2 Level 4 Level 4 Level 3 Nucleus Cell body Primary sensory cortex Level 4 Level 3 Level 2 End foot Axon Human Visual System Level 4 Level 3 Level 4 Optical Illusions 3/5 • Light passes through lens • Focussed on retina 2 Fang Chen Interpreting the signal • Size and depth Spring 2004 Color Sensitivity Really yellow – visual angle, visual acuity , familiar objects, cues. • Brightness • Colour from: http://www.cs.gsu.edu/classes/hypgraph/color/coloreff.htm Interpreting the signal (cont) • Visual processing involves the transformation and interpretation of a complete image • Expectations affects the way an image is perceived • The visual system compensates for: – Movement and changes in luminance. • Context is used to resolve ambiguity 3