Download Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships

- National -
Advanced Placement*
CORRELATION GUIDE
Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships
By Eldon D. Enger & Bradley F. Smith
14th Edition, © 2016
ISBN 978-0-07-673262-3
Based on College Board Course Framework:
AP Environmental Science, 2013
*Advanced Placement Program and AP* are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in
the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
Advanced Placement Correlation
Environmental Science: A Study of Interrelationships, (14e)
by Eldon D. Enger & Bradley F. Smith
Topic
I. Earth Systems and Resources (10-15%)
A. Earth Science Concepts
Geological time scale
Plate tectonics, earthquakes, volcanism
Seasons
Solar intensity and latitude
B. The Atmosphere
Composition
Structure
Weather and climate
Atmospheric circulations and the
Coriolis Effect
Atmosphere-ocean interactions
ENSO
C. Global Water Resources and Use
Freshwater/saltwater
Ocean circulation
Agricultural, industrial and domestic
use
Surface and groundwater issues
Global problems
Conservation
D. Soil and Soil Dynamics
Rock Cycle
Formation
Composition
Physical and chemical properties
Main soil types
Erosion and other soil problems
Soil conservation
II. The Living World (10-15%)
A. Ecosystem Structure
Biological populations and
communities
Ecological niches
Interactions among species
Keystone species
Species diversity and edge effects
Major terrestrial and aquatic biomes
B. Energy Flow
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
Food webs and trophic levels
Ecological pyramids
C. Ecosystem Diversity
Biodiversity
Natural selection
Evolution
Ecosystem services
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
Pages
237-239
272-294
79
79, 117
371-372
371-372
35, 79, 116-130, 372, 394-396
372
132-134, 394-396
400
339, 359
372, 396
343-351, 353, 367
275-277 343, 363-364
32, 339-341, 343,350
338, 345-349, 355, 359,364-366
291-294
291-296, 313
294-301, 313
296-302, 313
298-302, 313
302-304, 313
304-313, 416
1-4, 78-81, 93-94
81-83
88-93, 100, 139, 143, 253-255
95
235, 237
116-140, 170, 366-367
68-70, 79, 94, 131
94-97, 100
95-97
235-239, 245, 252, 264
83-84, 90
85-87, 238-239
1-7, 18, 46, 51-52, 235, 239-242
D. Natural Ecosystem Change
Climate shifts
Species movement
Ecological succession
E. Natural Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Sulfer
Water
Conservation of matter
III. Population (10-15%)
A. Population Biology Concepts
Population ecology
Carrying capacity
Reproductive strategies
Survivorship
B. Human Population
1. Human Population Dynamics
Historical population sizes
Distribution
Fertility rates
Growth rates and doubling times
Demographic transition
Age-structure diagrams
2. Population size
Strategies for sustainability
Case Studies
National policies
3. Impacts of population growth
Hunger
Disease
Economic effects
Resource use
Habitat destruction
IV. Land and Water Use (10-15%)
A. Agriculture
1. Feeding a growing population
Human nutritional requirements
Types of agriculture
Green Revolution
Genetic engineering and crop
production
Deforestation
Irrigation
Sustainable agriculture
2. Controlling pests
Types of pesticides
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
116-130
114-115, 239, 243
111-115, 126
79, 98-102, 131, 396-397, 404
79, 101, 103-104, 131, 324
79, 104-105, 131
375-376, 380-382
66, 341-344, 366, 400-401
65-70
144-147, 148-151, 171
151-153, 166, 169, 171
151-153, 169, 171
144-146
154, 171, 448
145, 158-159, 171
146-147, 157, 159-160, 171
144-145, 148, 153-154, 171
157-159, 164-165, 166, 171
146-147, 157-159, 165-166
45-46,159-160
167, 169, 170
161, 167-168
5-9, 31, 40, 161-164, 166
5-9, 40, 161-164
5-9, 27-28, 33-37, 40, 43-44, 155-157,
159-164
5-9, 31, 33-37, 155-157, 159-164, 166
5-9, 78, 155, 159-164, 167, 170
163-164, 316, 326, 335
243, 316-320
301
31, 331-335
244
119, 122, 347-348
31, 170, 328-335
253, 320-323, 448
Cost and benefits of pesticides use
Integrated pest management
Relevant laws
B. Forestry
Tree plantations
Old growth forests
Forest fires
Forest management
National forest
C. Rangelands
Overgrazing
Deforestation
Desertification
Rangeland management
Federal rangelands
D. Other land use
1. Urban land development
Planned development
Suburban sprawl
Urbanization
2. Transportation infrastructure
Federal Highway systems
Canals and channels
Road less areas
Ecosystem impacts
3. Public and federal lands
Management
Wilderness areas
National parks
Wildlife refuges
Forests
Wetlands
4. Land conservation options
Preservation
Remediation
Mitigation
Restoration
5. Sustainable land-use strategies
E. Mining
Mineral formation
Extraction
Global reserves
Relevant laws and treaties
F. Fishing
Fishing techniques
Over fishing
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
24, 31, 105, 327-328
328-331
333-334, 448
218, 247
18, 246
116
53, 245-247, 260-261
285-287
247-248
247-248
247-248
260-261
247-248
267-272, 277-287
78, 270-273, 287
9, 267-269, 273-277, 287
273
137, 359-360
287
235, 249, 274-77, 287
14, 260-261, 267, 285-287
285-287
1-4, 285-287
285-287
285-287
285-287
22-24, 119, 267, 286, 364-365
404, 452
404
404
119, 267, 285-287
193-194, 205, 212
193
456
250-251
110, 250
Aquaculture
Relevant laws and treaties
G. Global Economics
Globalization
World Bank
Tragedy of the Commons
Relevant laws and treaties
V. Energy Resources and Consumption (1015%)
A. Energy Concepts
Energy forms
Power
Units
Conversions
Laws of Thermodynamics
B. Energy Consumption
History
Industrial Revolution
Exponential growth
Energy crisis
Present global energy use
Future energy needs
C. Fossil fuel resources and use
Formation of coal, oil, and natural gas
Extraction/purification methods
World reserves and global demand
Synfuels
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages of sources
D. Nuclear energy
Nuclear fission process
Nuclear fuel
Electricity production
Nuclear reactor types
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages
Safety issues
Radiation and human health
Radioactive wastes
Nuclear fusion
E. Hydroelectric power
Dams
Flood control
Salmon
Silting
Other impacts
F. Energy conservation
Energy efficiency
CAFÉ standards (Corporate Average
Fuel Economy)
Hybrid electric vehicles
Mass transit
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
250-251
18, 261-263
10-12
464-465
50-52
52-53
70-71, 190
74
74
71-72
71-75, 95
174-178
175-178
148-149, 175-178
31-32
11-12, 172-186, 215-216, 218, 222, 227, 232
11-12, 31-32, 182-186, 216, 227
175, 177, 191-192, 212
189, 195-199
185, 189-193, 199
199
194-195, 197, 211, 212, 398, 404
200-201, 212
199, 205, 212-213
73, 180-182, 204
202-204
206-212
208, 212
202-208, 212
210, 212, 440-445
69, 222, 248, 348-353
69, 248
69
250
248, 348-350
182-185, 215, 229-231, 403-404
182-183, 231, 403-404
230, 454
180
G. Renewable energy
Solar energy
Solar electricity
Hydrogen fuel cells
Biomass
Wind energy
Small-scale hydroelectric
Ocean waves and tidal energy
Geothermal
Environmental
advantages/disadvantages
VI. Pollution (25-30%)
A. Pollution types
1. Air pollution
Sources- primary and secondary
Major air pollutants
Measurement units
Smog
Acid deposition- causes and effects
Heat islands and temperature
inversions
Indoor air pollution
Remediation and reduction
strategies
Clean Air Act and other relevant
laws
2. Noise pollution
Sources
Effects
Control Measures
3. Water pollution
Types
Sources, causes and effects
Culture eutrophication
Groundwater pollution
Maintaining water quality
Water purification
Sewage treatment/septic systems
Clean Water Act and other relevant
laws
4. Solid Waste
Types
Disposal
Reduction
B. Impacts on the environment and human
health
1. Hazards to human health
Environmental risks analysis
Acute and chronic effects
Dose-response relationships
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
213, 223-226, 232, 405
225-226, 232
31-32
213, 216-222, 232, 404
213, 226-227, 232, 404
213, 222-223, 232
228-229, 232
228, 232, 404
220, 222, 226-228, 232, 404
8-9, 59, 372-373, 391
8-9, 373-377, 391
374-375
275, 377-379, 391
195, 380-382, 391
379-380, 391
8-9, 59, 387-389, 391
371, 385-389, 391
53-54, 56, 373, 376, 384-387
389-390
389-390
389-390
8-9, 56, 351-353, 367
275, 351-359, 362-364, 367, 381-382
101, 136, 324, 351
357-358, 368, 413-415
40, 351-353, 367-368, 448
348-349
358, 361-362, 367
345, 349, 358, 364-365, 460
410-412
54, 217, 404, 412-423, 438-443
53-54, 410, 416-423
40-43
430-431
431-432
Air pollutants
Smoking and other risks
2. Hazardous chemicals in the
environment
Types of hazardous waste
Treatment/disposal of hazardous
waste
Cleanup of contaminated sites
Biomagnifications
Relevant laws
C. Economic impacts
Cost-benefit analysis
Externalities
Marginal costs
Sustainability
VII. Global Change (10-15%)
A. Stratospheric ozone
Formation of stratospheric ozone
Ultraviolet radiation
Causes of ozone depletion
Effects of ozone depletion
Strategies for reducing ozone depletion
Relevant laws and treaties
B. Global warming
Greenhouse gases and the greenhouse
effect
Impacts and consequences of global
warming
Reducing climate change
Relevant laws and treaties
C. Loss of biodiversity
1. Habitat loss
Overuse
Pollution
Introduced species
Endangered and extinct species
2. Maintenance through conservation
3. Relevant laws and treaties
Environmental Science (Enger), 14thEdition
56, 373-377, 385
388, 391
25-27, 195, 376, 377, 410-411, 426-429,
430-431, 445, 448
432, 436-444
208, 426
324-326
428-429, 431-435, 445, 452-453, 458, 460
29-31, 44-50
28-29, 47
47-49
5-6, 10, 23, 54-56
382-383
382-383, 391
383, 391, 399
383, 391
383-384
384, 464-466
394-399, 407
78, 107, 255, 394-403, 407
186, 343, 403-407
11-13, 399, 405-406, 461-464
235-264
235-239, 243, 248-249, 251, 264
235-239, 264
11, 100, 138, 143, 251-253, 264
87, 235-236, 264
14, 80, 255-264
14, 80, 249, 255-258, 264, 457, 464