Download klik her - DanSeed

Forudsætninger for brugen af
den tilgængelige information
Informationen, der ligger til grund for denne
præsentation, er udgivet til fri afbenyttelse i
forbindelse med videnformidling om dansk frøarbejde.
Eneste betingelse er, at der bliver refereret til Danseed.
Ligeledes må de mange billeder benyttes til
videnformidling, forudsat at de bliver krediteret til
angivne ophavsmænd eller til Danseed hvis ingen
anden kilde er angivet.
Med venlig hilsen
Danseed – Center for Frøvidenskab
Indholdsfortegnelse














Kort introduktion (THO)
Korn (JRJ)
Markfrø (BIO)
Havefrø (BIO)
Træfrø (MJ)
Roefrø (HC)
Organisering (THO)
Uddannelse (CHOL)
Frøkontrol (ULBM)
Sameksistens (BIO)
Nordisk Genbank (CA)
Udviklingslande (OSL)
Teknologi (BIO)
Danske aktører (SVTN)
Introduktion
Thomas Holst
Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen
Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Korn
Cerealienetværket http://www.cernet.dk/
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen
Aarhus Universitet
Hvede anvendelse - global
 Hvede er primært
anvendt til human
ernæring
 Hvede kvalitet
 Udbytte
 Forarbejdningsegnethed
 ensartethed, farve,
udseende, kemisk
sammensætning
Human ernæring
Industriel anvendelse
Foder
Udsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Rug anvendelse - global
 Rug er som brødkorn kun overgået
af hvede i betydning, og det
vigtigste brødkorn i Skandinavien
og Østeuropa
 Uden for Europa er rug
hovedsageligt brugt til fodder
 En lille del anvendes til destillering
Human ernæring
Industriel anvendelse
Foder
Udsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Byg anvendelse - global
 Den primære udnyttelse af byg er til:
 foder for husdyr, især svin
 til maltning og brygning ved
fremstilling af øl og ved
destillation til whisky
 Til human ernæring
Human ernæring
Industriel anvendelse
Foder
Udsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Havre anvendelse - global
 En lille del af havreproduktionen formales til
produkter der indgår i den
humane diæt:
 havremel til grød og
havrekager
 valset havre til grød,mel,
babymad og til fremstilling
af morgemadsprodukter
 Hovedparten anvendes dog til
foder, traditionelt heste.
Human ernæring
Industriel anvendelse
Foder
Udsæd
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Produktion og anvendelse af
korn i Danmark
Havre og
blandsæd
3.2%
Vårbyg
27.5%
Vinterbyg
10.4%
Triticale
1.8%
Rug
1.5%
Vårhvede
0.4%
Vinterhvede
55.2%
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Anvendelse af korn i Danmark
Mel, gryn
mv. (4,2%)
Udsæd
(3,4%)
Industri
(malt),
(3,9%)
Foder
(88,5%)
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kvalitetsanalyser i korn
Maltbyg
 Spireenergi
 Protein
 Fusarium
 Kernestørrelse
Brødhvede
 Meludbytte
 Protein/gluten
 Faldtal
 Mykotoxiner
Foder
 Energi
 Stivelse
 Protein
 Mykotoxiner
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kornkvalitet
Fysiske egenskaber




Sundhed
Renhed
Skader
Vitalitet
Kemiske egenskaber
 Kemiske indholdsstoffer
 Uønskede sporstoffer
 Proces kvalitet
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Kornkvalitet
fysiske og kemiske egenskaber
Kvalitet
Fysiske
egenskaber
Kemiske
egenskaber
Sundhed
Tilstand
Renhed
Skader
Protein
Uønskede
sporstoffer
Urenheder
Vand
Rumvægt
Varme skade
Fremmedlegemer
Myko-toxiner
Stivelse
Kernestørrelse
Insekt-skader
Frø af
andre arter
Pesticider
Olie
Farve
Spiring
Sorts-renhed
Ukendte
Fiber
Vand-indhold
Misfarvning
Ekskrementer
Mineraler
Umodent korn
Mider /
skadedyr
Aminosyrer
Knækkede
kerner
Meldrøjer
Gluten
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Markfrø
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst
http://www.froevaekst.dk/
Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland
http://www.seedland.dk/
Birte Boelt
Aarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Havefrø
Det regionale vækstmiljø Frøvækst Øst
http://www.froevaekst.dk/
Det regionale teknologicenter Seedland
http://www.seedland.dk/
Birte Boelt
Aarhus Universitet
Grass seed production area
Oregon
Canada
New Zealand
EU-25
Denmark
2002
2003
700.000
600.000
Acres
500.000
400.000
300.000
200.000
100.000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2004
2005
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Production area EU-25
18
35
7
4
Denmark
Germany
France
Netherlands
Poland
Czech
Others
11
11
14
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Species in production in
Denmark
Main species
Perennial ryegrass
Red fescue
Kentucky bluegrass
Others
Tall Fescue
Cocksfoot
Italian ryegrass
Hybrid ryegrass
Meadow Fescue
Timothy
Bentgrass
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Danish production area
Per ryegrass
Ital ryegrass
Cocksfoot
Red fescue
Tall Fescue
Kent bluegrass
100.000
90.000
80.000
70.000
Acres
60.000
50.000
40.000
30.000
20.000
10.000
0
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
The Danish Seed Council
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Restrictions on pesticide use
 Tax on pesticides
 Restrictions on a national level
 No specific restrictions at farm level
 Registered pesticides
 Many pesticides are not registered anymore
 Few new products
 Off label use
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Registered pesticides
 Many pesticides are not registered
anymore
 Few new products
 Off label use
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Restrictions on nitrogen use
 Crop standard
 10-15% below economic optimal rate
 Total amount of Nitrogen per farm per
year
 Nitrogen budgets
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Establishment
Light and space especially for slow growing species
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Screening of Pesticides
Flowering
6 tillers
2-4 leaves
Control
25
50
100
200 g/ha
Solvejg K. Mathiassen, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Spinach seed production
- more than 70% of world production
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Vegetable and flower seed
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Seed tecnology
Image analysis
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Træfrø
Martin Jensen
Aarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Martin Jensen, Aarhus Universitet
Roefrø
?
?
Under udarbejdelse
?, ?
Organisering af
markfrøbranchen
Thomas Holst
Dansk Landbrug, Frøsektionen
Aktører i den danske frøbranche
 4.000 frøavlere
 Markfrøfirmaer m. kontraktavl
 2 danske
 1 hollandsk
 Dansk Planteforædling A/S
 Dansk Landbrug (Frøsektionen)
 Forskning og forsøg
 Forskningsprogram frøavl
 AU DJF, Frøafgiftsfonden, DFFE innovationsloven
 Projekter finansieret direkte af Frøafgiftsfonden
 Dansk Landbrugsrådgivning, Landscentret
 AU DJF
 KU LIFE
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Uddannelse
Christian Olsen
Selandia, CEU
The Danish education system
**)
Primary and lower secondary school
http://www.studyindenmark.dk
**) After schoolstart 7 years old.
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
Education in Agriculture
Upper secundary
education
Diploma programmes
Higher educations
(Kort videregående
uddannelser)
(Universitetsuddannelser)
(Gymnasium)
Vocationel training
BSc in natural resources
(Naturressourcer)
(Erhvervsuddannelser)
•Jordbrugsmaskinfører
•Faglært landmand
•Jordbrugsassistent
Futher educations
•Grønt bevis
•Grønt diplom
•Agrarøkonom
•AMU-kurser
Links:
http://www.ug.dk/Internationalt.aspx
AP graduate in
Agricultural Science
(Jordbrugsteknolog –
landbrug)
MSc in Agricultural Science
(Agronom)
PhD
/
http://www.studyindenmark.dk/
Christian Olsen, Selandia, Slagelse
Frøkontrol
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen
Plantedirektoratet
Seed testing since 1871
E. Møller-Holst
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Training
www.danseed.dk/training
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Expert assistance
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Authorisation
Percent authorized sampling and analysis
Ulla Blicher-Mathiesen , Plantedirektoratet
Sameksistens
Birte Boelt
Aarhus Universitet
Sameksistens / Coexistence
Denmark first EU country to make rules on
coexistence between genetically modified,
conventional and organic crops
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
The Danish model
Coexistence
 Three groups appointed
 The expert group (scientific analysis)
 The legal group (liability)
 The contact group (stakeholders)
Scientific report
Discussions
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
"Act on the Growing etc. of
Genetically Modified Crops"
 Danish Act No. 436 of 9 June 2004

http://www.fvm.dk/fvm_uk


Ministerial order 31 March, 2005
Revision ? March 2008

- applies to commercial growing, handling, sale and
transport of genetically modified crops as far as the first
buyer
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
The Act implies rules for
 Control measures
 isolation distance, cropping intervals,
cleaning of farm equipment, handling and
storage facilities
 Education and certification
 Information / communication
 Liability and compensation
Birte Boelt, DJF, Flakkebjerg
Nordic Gene Bank
Christian Andreasen
Københavns Universitet
Nordic Gene Bank

A presentation…
Utilizing Gene Banks today;
- Key words: Focus & Diversification
Nordic Gene Bank





Who we are…
Material
Documentation
International collaboration
Utilization
 Global Seed Vault - Svalbard
Nordic Gene Bank
What we do…
Collect, Secure - and Use

Conserve and document genetic variation
in Nordic material from plant species
useful for agriculture and horticulture.

Make genetic resources
and allied information available
for plant breeding, research
and any other bona fide use.
Nordic Gene Bank
What we do...
-
Mandate
The Nordic Gene Bank (NGB), an institution which







Reports to the Nordic Council of Ministers
Is a centre for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic
resources in the Nordic countries
Has mandate to conserve and document the genetic variation in
Nordic material from plant species useful for agriculture and
horticulture
Is to make stored material available for plant breeding, research
and any other bona fide use
Is to foster rational co-operation between the Nordic countries in
their efforts to use plant genetic resources for plant breeding and
plant breeding research
Is to participate in international co-operation in the conservation
and use of plant genetic resources.
Nordic Gene Bank
Activities focused on
 Contribute to a sustainable use of plant genetic resources
 Conservation and documentation of Plant genetic resources
from or of relevance for the Nordic Region - cultivated species
 Knowledge transfer by participating in research and education
in the Nordic Countries and elsewhere
 NGB surveys international trends scientifically and politically
aiming at influencing the international agenda and to advice
National authorities on matters concerning Plant Genetic
Resources
Nordic Gene Bank
How we are… organized - structure
NB: Reorganization undergoing:
 From 1st Jan. 2008:
 Will include:
NORDGEN
 Nordic Gene Bank
 Nordic Gene Bank Farm Animals
 Nordic Forestry Seed and Plant Counsel
 Mandate:
Biodiversity – genetic resources
Nordic Gene Bank
How we are… organized - structure
“Internal”:
 Staff - 25 persons
 4 Departments
 Seed Store
 Biology Department,
(Agriculture & Horticulture)
incl. molecular and in vitro Lab
 IT- and Documentation Unit
 Administrative Team
Nordic Gene Bank
How we are… organized - structure
“External”:
Working Groups
Working Groups
Cereals
Fruit and Berries
- with external experts representing scientific community,
plant breeders and other relevant partners for the Gene Bank

Cereals

Fruit and Berries

Potatoes (ad hoc)

Forage Crops

Vegetables

Oil Plants (ad hoc)

Spicers and medicinal plants (project group)
Potatoes
Forage Crops
Vegetables
Root Crops, Oil Plants and
Pulses
Nordic Gene Bank
 Based on the principle
that gene banking should be:
 Inexpensive and durable
 Basically available for any national
and regional program at reasonable cost
 Not require:
 much advanced planning in terms of a large storage facility
 huge initial investments to get started.
Nordic
Gene
Bank
 Partners:













Working Groups!!!!
National programs!!!!
Other gene banks
Universities & research institutions
Scientific projects
Breeding companies
Government departments and authorities
Museums
Botanic gardens & parks
Schools & education centers
Hobby growers / Associations
”NGO’s” - networks
etc.
Nordic Gene Bank
Conservation
 Ex situ (off-site conservation)




seed gene bank
field gene bank
in vitro
Cryo-preservation
 In situ (on-site conservation)
 on farm
 protected natural habitats / wild parks
 wild habitat
Nordic Gene Bank
Ex situ
seed bank
 Active Collection (Alnarp, Sweden)
 Distribution, characterisation, multiplication, germination
tests
 Base Collection (Årslev, Denmark)
 Long term storage, rejuvenation
 Safety Collection (Svalbard, Norway)
 Duplication of base collection samples
Nordic Gene Bank
 Material

Primary collections:











17532
5067
153
557
6446
156
14
16
1554
app. 300
Special collections:





Cereals
Forage
Fruits & berries
Potato
Oil crops
Vegetables
Industrial crops
Landscape
Forest trees
Spices and
medicinal plants
(in process)
Lundquist mutant collection 9760
MacKey NIL-collection(in process)
Other special cereal collections
New special collections
(in process) app.
5000
MIT – future/soon?

400
1321
Varieties? - Hybrid parents? - GMO’s? - Research material?
Nordic Gene Bank
International activities

Expert consultation, development of regional PGR programs

SIDA based programs:






IT +:









SADC - since 1989
Baltic region
Eastern Africa – EAPGREN, since 2006
Balkan region – SEEDNet, since 2004
CAC, from 2007
GBIF - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
TDWG – Biodiversity Information Standards
ECPGR, EPGRIS3, EURISCO
BioCASE - Biological Collection Access Service for Europe
GCP – Generation Challenge Program , on behalf of Bioversity
Crop Wild Relatives – Global Portal, on behalf of Bioversity
ABCD 2.06 - Access to Biological Collection Data (Berlin Botanical Garden)
ALIS - Global Accession Level Information System (in process), together with Bioversity
Safety Storage:

Svalbard Global Seed Vault
(Seed distributions, international, conferences, workshops, seminars)
Udviklingslande
Ole Søgaard Lund
Københavns Universitet
Danish Seed Health Centre for Developing Countries
The centre works for reduction of poverty through improvement of seed quality
and seed technology in developing countries. Particularly, the centre has
expertice in seed-borne pathogens.
The centre is part of Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology,
Faculty of LIFE Sciences, University of Copenhagen.
http://www.dshc.life.ku.dk/
Teknologi
Birte Boelt
Aarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Thomas Holst, Plantedirektoratet
Danske aktører
Svend Tveden-Nyborg
Aarhus Universitet
Under udarbejdelse
Svend Tveden-Nyborg, Aarhus Universitet