Download Motivation Lecture

PSYCHOLOGY OF
MOTIVATION
Myers Ch. 7A
Daniel Pink, "Drive"
WHAT MOTIVATES YOU?
INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC
FIVE THEORIES
1) Hedonic
principle:
experience
pleasure/avoid pain
Very
Freudian/psychoanal
ytic
Thanatos/Eros
FIVE THEORIES
2) Instinct Theory—
evolutionary/innate
behavior
 Rooting instinct
FIVE THEORIES
 3) Drive Theory –we
are motivated to reduce
a drive to return to
homeostasis...i.e., food,
sex, temperature
 Hull’s drive reduction
theory
 What is NOT explained
by this theory?
Watching sad movies
Climbing mountains
Attending college
Read books
Etc...
FIVE THEORIES
 4) Arousal Theory—we
are driven to
experience
stimulation—even if we
are not hungry, have no
desire to mate, and are
perfectly physiologically
content....we still do
stuff.
 8A-2 and 8A-3
FIVE THEORIES
5) Humanistic Theory:
humans strive to
obtain selfactualization
Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
8A-4 and 8A-5
THE DRIVE FOR HUNGER
 “Alive Clip”
THE DRIVE FOR HUNGER
The hypothalamus
 Lateral hypothalamus—
on switch—ghrelin
 Ventromedial
hypothalamus—off
switch—leptin
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DESTROY THE
LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DESTROY THE
VENTROMEDIAL HYPOTHALAMUS?
EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
Nervosa- Multiple causal factors
CAUSES/PERSPECTIVES
1) Cognitive
 distorted body image
 feelings of control
2) Biological—primarily females—dopamine
 SciAmMind “Wired to Starve”—predisposition
 Very high levels of ghrelin
3) Social—primarily females
 Average woman=5’4” and 140 lbs
 Average model =5’11” and 117 lbs.
EATING DISORDERS
 Obesity—the average American is
18 pounds heavier than they were
in the 1970s.
 40% of American women are too
heavy to enlist in the military
 In 1991 no state had an obesity
rate of higher than 20%. Now CO
is the only state below.
Causes?
 Biological—leptin
resistant
 Social
 Evolutionary—
 attraction to foods that
are high in energy
 Developed ability to store
excess food energy in the
form of fat—worked well
in the savannah but now
we live in the equivalent of
candyland
SOLUTIONS?
Our body is designed to resist weight loss
 1) gaining weight is an increase in both the size and
number of fat cells…losing weight is just a decrease in
size but the number of fat cells stays the same.
 2) lose weight by decreasing metabolism (rate of energy
used)—when you diet your body goes into famine mode
which then finds more efficient ways to convert food to
fat.
TED: DIETING TALK
Diet Assessments
8A-7, 8A-9
SEXUAL MOTIVATION
 Johnson and Masters: Forty
Studies
 Sexual Attraction
 Sexual Orientation
 DSM diagnosis
 Nature/nurture debate
 TED “50 Shades of Gay” (18min)
 TED: Cultural Factors (18 min)
 TED: “Love—you’re doing it
wrong”
THE NEED TO BELONG
ARON RALSTON--127 HOURS