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AP Biology TV: Assignment 4
Animal Evolution
Directions: only attempt the following questions AFTER viewing the video lectures posted on AP
Biology TV. Unlike most other HW assignments, each of your responses will be graded.
1) Examine the following tree illustrating the phylogenic relationships between animal groups.
a) Identify the fundamental difference between parazoan & eumetazoan animals.
[2]
b) Identify the only extant representative of the parazoa
[1]
c) Within which eumetazoan group would you expect to observe cephalization. Explain your
response.
[3]
2) Describe the mechanism of gastrulation during animal embryonic development. What
embryonic features does this process give rise to?
[2]
3) Within which eumetazoan group would you expect gastrulation to give rise to TWO germ layers?
What term is used to describe such a condition?
[2]
4) Within which eumetazoan group would you expect gastrulation to give rise to THREE germ
layers? What terms is used to describe such a condition?
[2]
5) Describe the developmental origin AND fate of the archenteron.
[2]
6) Identify the embryonic germ layer from which the following adult tissues are derived:
a) Tooth Enamel:
[1]
b) Skeletal Muscle:
[1]
c) Central Nervous System:
[1]
d) Digestive Lining:
[1]
e) Lining of Coleom/Pseudocoelom:
[1]
7) The diagrams below represent cross-sections of animal bodies. The outer circle represents the
body wall & the inner circle the digestive tube. For each diagram, shade in the region(s) of the
body that would be occupied by tissue derived from the embryonic mesoderm:
Acoelomate [1]
Pseudocoelomate [1]
Coelomate [1]
8) Provide examples of ALL bilaterans discussed in the video that are classified as:
a) Acoelomates:
[1]
b) Pseudocoelomates:
[2]
c) Coelomates:
[5]
9) In the following table, check each box that applies to the embryonic development in either
protostome vs deuterostomes (1 point each):
Protostome Coelomates
Early stem cell differentiation
Coelom develops from mesoderm that arises
from archenteron
Stem cell cleavage occurs parallel to vertical
axis of the embryo
Blastopore develops into the mouth
Stem cell cleavage occurs perpendicular to
vertical axis of the embryo
Archenteron develops into a complete
digestive tract
Identical twin formation not observed
Includes sea cucumbers, birds, & fish
Deuterostome Coelomates