Download Critical Design Review, Senior Design II Presentation

Alec Calhoun, Eric Eiermann, Patrick Neely, Brett Burleigh
Group 5
• Let’s Make Green Power More Practical
– Hurricane / Natural Disasters
– Emergency Power
– Portable Power / Remote Power
• Ultimately:
– Ease of Use to bring Green Power to the masses!
• Flexibility / Portability:
– Multiple Input Types, Multiple Output Types
– Inputs are interchangeable
– Portability for Remote Power applications
• Familiarity:
– Common interfaces that the public has seen before
– Provide the most commonly used output voltages
• Efficiency:
– Small amounts of power being generated
– Indication to user. Not efficient to keep charging a full battery.
• Store a total of 100Ah of energy that may come from
1, 2, or 3 12V DC power generation devices at any
one time
• 12V DC, 5A output receptacle
• 120V AC, 60Hz, 5A output receptacle
• The Green Box shall be less than 60 cubic feet in
size, and weigh less than 170 lbs
• Wheels and handles shall be incorporated
• Solar, Wind and Human Power
• Interchangeable
– User selects desired method(s) of power generation
– Adaptable for various locations, climates and seasons
• Portable
– Lightweight
– Small footprint
Model: SUN-100 (M)
• Advantages:
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Monocrystalline Silicon construction
Size (L x W x D): 42-1/2” x 31-3/8” x 1-3/8”
Weight: 30 lbs.
Cost: $2.78 per Watt
Image courtesy of Sunelec.com
Model: SUN-100 (M)
• Electrical
Characteristics:
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VOC = 23.60 V
ISC = 6.30 A
VMP = 18.10 V
IMP = 5.53 A
100 Watts of Maximum
Power
Southwest Windpower Air-X Turbine
• Advantages
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Size (L x W x H): 27” x 15” x 9”
Weight: 17 lbs.
Durability: 110 mph survival wind speed
Fully Integrated Regulator Included
• Provides automatic shutdown when
battery is fully charged
Image courtesy of
SunForceProducts.com
Southwest Windpower Air-X Turbine
• Electrical Characteristics
– 12 VDC output
– 8 mph start-up wind speed
– Rated for 400 watts at 28 mph
AMETEK PMDC Motor
• Advantages:
– Low RPM for desired voltage
– Weight: 7 lbs.
– Cost: $170
Human Power Mechanism
• Fabricated from an old bicycle
• Final build to be compact and portable
AMETEK PMDC Motor
• Electrical Characteristics:
– Rated for 38 V at 1100 rpm
• 14.5 V at approximately 420 rpm*
– Current rating: 12 Amps
(*)Note: rpmnew = Vdesired * rpmrated/Vrated
• Testing of each input to be
performed using a digital
multimeter
– Testing to be performed on site
– Voltage and current
• Inputs to then be used as
part of testing plan for the
charging system
• Power Storage Requirements
– Store all the power generated in a single day
• Full Charge & Discharge Cycle = Maximum Efficiency
– Able to be charged quickly
• To harness all available power
– Need to calculate the size of battery
• Reduce cost
• Maximize Efficiency
• Maximum Power Production
• Realistic/Average Power Production
• 1500 Watts / 12 Volts
= 125 Amps for battery
• Depth of Discharge
– 50% a common standard to
extend battery life
•Lead Acid Batteries store a great
deal of energy, but which one?
• 3 Types of Lead Acid Batteries
- Starting
• Large Current, but only for Short Duration
• Would only last 30 days in our application
- Marine
•Thicker Plates
•Durable, but still inferior
- Deep Cycle
•Thickest Plates
•Most durable of all Lead Acid Batteries
• 3 Types of Deep Cycle Batteries
- Flooded, “Wet”
• Battery Acid / Fumes can escape into consumers home
• Cannot be shipped UPS, USPS, and others
- Gel Cell
• Heaviest
• Most Expensive
- Absorbed Glass Mat
• Fast Recharge
• Will not spill acid, even if cracked
• Slow Self-Discharge Rate
• Most popular Choice in Alternative Energy
• Specifications:
– Voltage: 12 Volts
– Rating: 100 AmpHours
– Dimensions:
14 x 10 x 8 inches
– Weight: 74 Pounds
– Cost (New): $280
• The AGM battery
must be charged by
a strict algorithm
• A sophisticated
charge controller
must be used
– To prevent damage
– To prolong life
• Model: Xantrex C-35
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Voltage: 12V or 24V
Max Current: 35 amps
Weight: 2.5 Pounds
Size: 8 x 5 x 2 Inches
Cost: $100 Each (*Need 3)
Features:
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Microprocessor Control
Pulse Width Modulation
AGM Compatible
Solar & Load Diversion Modes
• Hard to Find (Basically Obsolete)
• Inefficient
– 1st Harmonic results in high Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
• Inductive Loads shouldn’t be operated with Square Wave
Supply because of Abrupt Changes in waveform.
– Can damage load, therefore damaging inverter
• Next Step in Efficiency
• Reduces Total Harmonic Distortion
• Clearer Signals from Inverter
• Building this type will require more and costlier parts
• Still not best choice for desired loads.
• Produces an Identical output to a Home’s Electrical Output
• Can be used with any device or load
• Most Complex and costly to build
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120V AC, 60Hz, 5A Inverter
2 HEX Inverters
4 Resistors
1 Variable Resistor (Set to
1.24kΩ)
• 1 NPN Transistor
• 1 P-Channel MOSFET
• 1 N-Channel MOSFET
• 12 V Regulator
• Up to 5A current
• 3 TIP 2599 Power
Transistors
• 15A Bridge
• Capacitors as Filters
•Model: Atmel Atmega168
-AVR enhanced RISC architecture
-20 MIPS @ 20 MHz
-16 KB Flash Memory
-10,000 Write/Erase Cycles
-23 Programmable I/O lines
-32 8-Bit Registers
• Batron 2-Line
Alphanumeric LCD
• 16 x 2 Character Display
• Operating range:
0 -> 50° C
• 84mm x 44mm
Research and Design
Parts Acquisition
Prototyping and Construction
Testing
90%
50%
10%
0%
Overall
40%