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New Human Computer Interfaces Class 2 March 7 2007 Amnon Dekel HUJI – CSE, Spring 2007 On the Menu • • Homework review The Technology behind NewChi – – – – • Sensors Actuators Microcontrollers Various Data Processing Methods Workshop: Planning a simple Tangible Interface New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 2 Homework Review • Internet research: – Search for a good example of each one of the above New CHI forms (Tangible, Ambient, Multimodal). • See the Course site Topics page to start – Create a Personal Wiki page in which you write one paragraph for each example: • Description + Link • What I think it interesting and good about it • Add a link to your page to the NewCHI Wiki Home Page New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 3 Homework Review • Internet research: – Lets take a look New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 4 Homework Review • Any thoughts about what is being explored in the field today? • Any thoughts about the future of the field? New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 5 The Technology behind NewChi The Technology behind NewChi • • • • Sensors Actuators Microcontrollers Various Data Processing Methods New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 7 The Technology behind NewChi • Sensors – What is a sensor? • A sensor is a physical device or biological organ that detects, or senses, a signal or physical condition and chemical compounds. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 8 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Thermal energy sensors – Electromagnetic sensors – Mechanical sensors – Chemical sensors – Optical and radiation sensors – Acoustic sensors – Biological Sensors (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 9 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Thermal energy sensors • temperature sensors: – thermometers, thermocouples, temperature sensitive resistors (thermistors), bi-metal thermometers and thermostats • heat sensors: – bolometer, calorimeter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 10 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Electromagnetic sensors • electrical resistance sensors: – ohmmeter, multimeter • electrical current sensors: – galvanometer, ammeter • electrical voltage sensors: – leaf electroscope, voltmeter • electrical power sensors: – watt-hour meters • magnetism sensors: – magnetic compass, fluxgate compass, magnetometer, Hall effect device (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 11 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Mechanical sensors • pressure sensors: – altimeter, barometer, barograph, pressure gauge, air speed indicator, rate of climb indicator, variometer • gas and liquid flow sensors: – flow sensor, anemometer, flow meter, gas meter, water meter, mass flow sensor • mechanical sensors: – acceleration sensor, position sensor, selsyn, switch, strain gauge (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 12 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Chemical sensors • Chemical sensors detect the presence of specific chemicals or classes of chemicals. Examples include – – – – oxygen sensors, also known as lambda sensors, ion-selective electrodes, pH glass electrodes, redox electrodes. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 13 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Optical and radiation sensors • radiation sensors: – Geiger counter, dosimeter, Scintillation_counter • subatomic particle sensors: – scintillometer, cloud chamber, bubble chamber • • • • light sensors, or photodetectors proximity sensor scanning laser interferometry. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 14 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Acoustic sensors • sound sensors: – Microphones – Hydrophones – Seismometers. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 15 The Technology behind NewChi • Types of Sensors: – Biological sensors • All living organisms contain biological sensors with functions similar to those of the mechanical devices described. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 16 The Technology behind NewChi • What makes a Good Sensor? – the sensor should be sensitive to the measured property – the sensor should be insensitive to any other property – the sensor should not influence the measured property – In the ideal situation, the output signal of a sensor is exactly proportional to the value of the measured property. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 17 The Technology behind NewChi • Sensors: What sensors will you be using? – The 2 most basic ones: • Switches (digital input) • Photo-Resistors (analog input) – And any others you find that you need… New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 18 The Technology behind NewChi • Sensors: More information – Wikipedia – Sensor WIKI (musical instruments) – SensEdu – ITP Sensor Workshop Reports New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 19 The Technology behind NewChi • Actuators – What are actuators? • An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent acts upon an environment. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 20 The Technology behind NewChi • Actuators – What are actuators? • actuators are a subdivision of transducers. – They are devices which transform an input signal (mainly an electrical signal) into motion. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 21 The Technology behind NewChi • Actuators – Types of Actuators •Electrical motors •Pneumatic actuators •Hydraulic pistons •Relays •Comb drives •Piezoelectric actuators •Thermal bimorphs •Digital Micro-mirror Devices •Electro-active polymers •Etc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 22 The Technology behind NewChi • Microcontrollers – What is a MC? • A microcontroller (MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip used to control electronic devices. • It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose microprocessor, the kind used in a PC. • A typical microcontroller contains all the memory, peripherals and input/output interfaces needed, whereas a general purpose microprocessor requires additional chips to provide these functions. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 23 The Technology behind NewChi • Microcontrollers – How do you compare MCs? • • • • • • • • • Speed I/O Ports (digital, analog) AD converters Communications / networking Compilers / Translators Debuggers Programmers Power Consumption etc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 24 The Technology behind NewChi • Microcontrollers – What can they do? • • • • Open and Close Circuits Execute Algorithms Computation Communication & Networking • All within their specific limitations (memory, Speed, Power consumptions, etc) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 25 The Technology behind NewChi • Microcontrollers – What will we be using? • The Arduino (Open Source Hardware) http://www.arduino.cc/ • Atmel ATmega8/168 Based MCU • Built in Digital/Analog Pins and Circuits • Programmed in Wiring (built on Processing) – a JAVA based language http://processing.org/faq.html#opensource http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 26 The Technology behind NewChi The Arduino New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 27 The Technology behind NewChi • Microcontrollers – More Information: • • • • • Wikipedia Introduction to MC’s Nabble Forums Embedded Systems forums Microcontroller.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 28 The Technology behind NewChi • Data Processing Methods (briefly) – Image Processing • Location • Motion • Direction – Sound Processing • Voice Recognition • Amplitude recognition • Location New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 29 Class Workshop Planning a Simple Tangible Interface Class Workshop 1 • Introduction and Goals • Group Work • Presentations and Discussion New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 31 Class Workshop 1 • Goals – A small project to get you acquainted with designing and implementing a tangible UI prototype. New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 32 Class Workshop 1 • Example: A smart door mat – Counts how many times it has been stepped on – Can react to being stepped on (i.e. Turning the light on, opening the door, etc) – Can tell us how many times it has been stepped on – etc New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 33 Class Workshop 1 • Example: A smart door mat – What do we need to make it? • Physical parts • Programming • Interaction / Interface design New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 34 Class Workshop 1 • Group Work – Break up into groups of 2 – Decide on an Tangible Interface (20 minutes) • Input • Processing • Output – Plan the basic system architecture to make it happen (20 minutes) – Prepare a short presentation (2-3 minutes) New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 35 Class Workshop 1 • Presentations and Discussion – Each group presents their idea and system architecture – Class Discussion New Human Computer Interfaces - HUJI - Spring 2007 36 Home Work • Formalize the project: Project Folio – Description and architecture – Part Needed: Research the parts you will need to make it happen – Psuedocode • Create a Project WIKI page with the Project Folio • Read the following: – http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage – Arduino booklet pp 8-16 Come ready to next class we will start running with a technology Workshopso read ahead of time! 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