Download New Human Computer Interfaces

New Human Computer Interfaces
Class 2
March 7 2007
Amnon Dekel
HUJI – CSE, Spring 2007
On the Menu
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Homework review
The Technology behind NewChi
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Sensors
Actuators
Microcontrollers
Various Data Processing Methods
Workshop: Planning a simple Tangible
Interface
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Homework Review
• Internet research:
– Search for a good example of each one of the
above New CHI forms (Tangible, Ambient, Multimodal).
• See the Course site Topics page to start
– Create a Personal Wiki page in which you
write one paragraph for each example:
• Description + Link
• What I think it interesting and good about it
• Add a link to your page to the NewCHI Wiki Home
Page
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Homework Review
• Internet research:
– Lets take a look
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Homework Review
• Any thoughts about what is being
explored in the field today?
• Any thoughts about the future of the
field?
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The Technology behind
NewChi
The Technology behind NewChi
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Sensors
Actuators
Microcontrollers
Various Data Processing Methods
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Sensors
– What is a sensor?
• A sensor is a physical device or biological organ
that detects, or senses, a signal or physical
condition and chemical compounds.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Thermal energy sensors
– Electromagnetic sensors
– Mechanical sensors
– Chemical sensors
– Optical and radiation sensors
– Acoustic sensors
– Biological Sensors
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Thermal energy sensors
• temperature sensors:
– thermometers, thermocouples, temperature sensitive
resistors (thermistors), bi-metal thermometers and
thermostats
• heat sensors:
– bolometer, calorimeter
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Electromagnetic sensors
• electrical resistance sensors:
– ohmmeter, multimeter
• electrical current sensors:
– galvanometer, ammeter
• electrical voltage sensors:
– leaf electroscope, voltmeter
• electrical power sensors:
– watt-hour meters
• magnetism sensors:
– magnetic compass, fluxgate compass, magnetometer, Hall
effect device
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Mechanical sensors
• pressure sensors:
– altimeter, barometer, barograph, pressure gauge, air speed
indicator, rate of climb indicator, variometer
• gas and liquid flow sensors:
– flow sensor, anemometer, flow meter, gas meter, water meter,
mass flow sensor
• mechanical sensors:
– acceleration sensor, position sensor, selsyn, switch, strain
gauge
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Chemical sensors
• Chemical sensors detect the presence of
specific chemicals or classes of chemicals.
Examples include
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oxygen sensors, also known as lambda sensors,
ion-selective electrodes,
pH glass electrodes,
redox electrodes.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Optical and radiation sensors
• radiation sensors:
– Geiger counter, dosimeter, Scintillation_counter
• subatomic particle sensors:
– scintillometer, cloud chamber, bubble chamber
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light sensors, or photodetectors
proximity sensor
scanning laser
interferometry.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Acoustic sensors
• sound sensors:
– Microphones
– Hydrophones
– Seismometers.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Types of Sensors:
– Biological sensors
• All living organisms contain biological sensors
with functions similar to those of the
mechanical devices described.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor)
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The Technology behind NewChi
• What makes a Good Sensor?
– the sensor should be sensitive to the
measured property
– the sensor should be insensitive to any
other property
– the sensor should not influence the
measured property
– In the ideal situation, the output signal of a
sensor is exactly proportional to the value of
the measured property.
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Sensors: What sensors will you be
using?
– The 2 most basic ones:
• Switches (digital input)
• Photo-Resistors (analog input)
– And any others you find that you need…
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Sensors: More information
– Wikipedia
– Sensor WIKI (musical instruments)
– SensEdu
– ITP Sensor Workshop Reports
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Actuators
– What are actuators?
• An actuator is the mechanism by which an agent
acts upon an environment.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Actuators
– What are actuators?
• actuators are a subdivision of transducers.
– They are devices which transform an input signal (mainly
an electrical signal) into motion.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Actuators
– Types of Actuators
•Electrical motors
•Pneumatic actuators
•Hydraulic pistons
•Relays
•Comb drives
•Piezoelectric actuators
•Thermal bimorphs
•Digital Micro-mirror Devices
•Electro-active polymers
•Etc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actuators
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Microcontrollers
– What is a MC?
• A microcontroller (MCU) is a computer-on-a-chip used to
control electronic devices.
• It is a type of microprocessor emphasizing self-sufficiency
and cost-effectiveness, in contrast to a general-purpose
microprocessor, the kind used in a PC.
• A typical microcontroller contains all the memory, peripherals
and input/output interfaces needed, whereas a general
purpose microprocessor requires additional chips to provide
these functions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Microcontrollers
– How do you compare MCs?
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Speed
I/O Ports (digital, analog)
AD converters
Communications / networking
Compilers / Translators
Debuggers
Programmers
Power Consumption
etc
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Microcontrollers
– What can they do?
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Open and Close Circuits
Execute Algorithms
Computation
Communication & Networking
• All within their specific limitations (memory,
Speed, Power consumptions, etc)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Microcontrollers
– What will we be using?
• The Arduino (Open Source Hardware)
http://www.arduino.cc/
• Atmel ATmega8/168 Based MCU
• Built in Digital/Analog Pins and Circuits
• Programmed in Wiring (built on Processing) –
a JAVA based language
http://processing.org/faq.html#opensource
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
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The Technology behind NewChi
The Arduino
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Microcontrollers
– More Information:
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Wikipedia
Introduction to MC’s
Nabble Forums
Embedded Systems forums
Microcontroller.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/microcnotrollers
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The Technology behind NewChi
• Data Processing Methods (briefly)
– Image Processing
• Location
• Motion
• Direction
– Sound Processing
• Voice Recognition
• Amplitude recognition
• Location
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Class Workshop
Planning a Simple Tangible
Interface
Class Workshop 1
• Introduction and Goals
• Group Work
• Presentations and Discussion
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Class Workshop 1
• Goals
– A small project to get you acquainted with
designing and implementing a tangible UI
prototype.
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Class Workshop 1
• Example: A smart door mat
– Counts how many times it has been stepped
on
– Can react to being stepped on (i.e. Turning
the light on, opening the door, etc)
– Can tell us how many times it has been
stepped on
– etc
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Class Workshop 1
• Example: A smart door mat
– What do we need to make it?
• Physical parts
• Programming
• Interaction / Interface design
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Class Workshop 1
• Group Work
– Break up into groups of 2
– Decide on an Tangible Interface (20 minutes)
• Input
• Processing
• Output
– Plan the basic system architecture to make it
happen (20 minutes)
– Prepare a short presentation (2-3 minutes)
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Class Workshop 1
• Presentations and Discussion
– Each group presents their idea and system
architecture
– Class Discussion
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Home Work
• Formalize the project: Project Folio
– Description and architecture
– Part Needed: Research the parts you will need to make it
happen
– Psuedocode
• Create a Project WIKI page with the Project Folio
• Read the following:
– http://www.arduino.cc/en/Guide/HomePage
– Arduino booklet pp 8-16
Come ready to next class
we will start running with a
technology Workshopso read ahead of time!
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