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Chapter 22 Take Control with Management Different Solutions for Different Situations Decision making involves many elements, including the fine art of psychology. Decisionmaking psychology is a valuable tool for managers who take pride in making efficient decisions that reap great results. Individuals make decisions every day. The results of those decisions can be traced back to the decision maker—the only person involved in the process. Group decision making presents a much more challenging situation due to personality clashes, power struggles, and hidden agendas. All these challenges make it difficult to find the perfect solution. Group decision making can range from “directive” to “participatory” decision making. Directive decision making is made by a limited number of decision makers in the group. Participatory methods involve decisions made by all the group members. Group Challenges Individual dominance takes place when one person in the group has the authority or power to make the final decision. Minority influence involves decisions delegated by larger groups to be made by subcommittees. Majority rule occurs when the group votes on the alternatives, and the alternative that receives the most votes wins. Consensus results from group discussion of the alternatives, where every group member can agree on an option and commit to the outcome. The best decision-making strategy depends on the circumstances of the situation. Directive decision making, made by one person and owned by one person, is good when time is tight and fast decisions are needed. People who are affected by the decision, especially those decisions with a high level of emotion associated with them, will not necessarily buy into the solution and make their feelings known through their actions. Potential trouble is a drawback of directive decision making when the group does not buy into a decision that they do not own. The participatory approach increases a leader’s chance of a decision being accepted. People generally want to be involved with the decisions that directly affect their work. Knowing that you have control and influence over your working life increases satisfaction and productivity. For example, research in the caring professions indicates that offering choice to customers helps speed recovery. The bed-bound patient who is asked if they want curtains opened or closed, or has a plant to take care of, recovers more quickly than patients whose treatment and circumstances are entirely managed by other people. Group decision making takes more time, requires skilled facilitation, and doesn’t guarantee success. Group decision making does increase the likelihood of decisions being owned and acted upon by enough people for a positive change to take place. Decision-making psychology is based on the idea that involvement gets results. When a group must deal with the distractions caused by power struggles, personality clashes, and hidden agendas, reaching an optimal decision becomes more difficult. With effective decision making and skillful group facilitation, power diminishes over time and personal Chapter 22 Page 1 agendas become more transparent. Group decision making is a fine art that requires a better understanding of individual diversity and the need for participants to take ownership. Think Critically 1. When is directive decision making a good choice? 2. Why must individuals in a group take ownership for their decisions? 3. What is a personal agenda? Chapter 22 Page 2