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RAD – technology overview Baird et al. 2008 PLoS ONE P1-adaptor & multiplexing Sequencing primer site Restriction site Sample 1 Forward amplification primer site Barcode Sample 2 Sample 3 Ligate P1 adaptor to digested gDNA Pool barcoded samples and shear Size selection P2-adaptor & PCR selection P2 ligation Sequencing primer site Complement of reverse amplification primer site PCR selection Size selection Trouble-shooting & optimisation • • • • • • Quality of DNA Quality of adaptors P1:DNA ratio Choice of ligase Sonication Quality control Trouble-shooting & optimisation • Quality of DNA – Use RNase in extraction – Quantification – Nanodrop vs fluorometer – Check integrity on a gel – Clean up with column if necessary Trouble-shooting & optimisation • Quality of DNA • Quality of adaptors – phosphorothioate bond – purification • P1:DNA ratio – too little P1 – poor library amplification – too much P1 – concatemers take over £££££ Collaborate! Trouble-shooting & optimisation • • • • Quality of DNA Quality of adaptors P1:DNA ratio Choice of ligase – not everything works in NEB Buffer 2 • Sonication – tight band in desired size range • Quality control – clone and Sanger sequencing