Download WWII - Chicago High School for Agricultural Sciences

WWII
Overview
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Rise of dictators in Europe (Hitler, Mussolini,
Stalin)
U.S. involvement in war
War in Europe and War in Pacific
Effects of war on United States (home front)
Atom Bomb
Holocaust
Effects of the War
Rise of Dictators in Europe
Joseph Stalin
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
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Background
Describe how they rose to power
What were their goals for their country?
How did this leader interact with other countries? What
aggressive acts did they take towards other
surrounding countries and peoples?
Hitler
Aspired to be an artist
 Escaped Austria to avoid military
service – captured, failed physical
 Enlisted in Germany army
 Temporarily blinded during WWI
 Military doctor labeled him as “dangerously psychotic” and
“incompetent to command people”
 1923 - Mein Kampf - outlined his plans for Germany,
blamed Jews for WWI loss, wrote about extermination
 1933 - Appointed Chancellor – elected by people!!!!
 1934 – Declared himself Der Fuhrer (the leader).
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Mussolini
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8 yrs. old - banned from church for
pinching and throwing stones at
people
11 yrs. old - expelled from school
for stabbing a fellow student in the
hand
1902 - emigrated to Switzerland to escape military
service and become involved in the socialist movement
“Country is nothing without expansion”
Started fascism
Appointed prime minister by king
Established dictatorship – rule by one
Stalin
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Name means “man of steel”
Wanted to establish Soviet Union as a
leader in industry
Totalitarian – maintain complete control
over citizens
Estimated he was responsible for deaths of
8 to 13 million of his own people
Japan
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Many Japanese blamed democratic
government for depression – allowed
military to gain too much power
Population Explosion – 65 million people
Need raw materials and land to manage
growing population
Military seized power
Japan
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Many Japanese blamed democratic
government for depression – allowed
military to gain too much power
Population Explosion – 65 million people
Need raw materials and land to manage
growing population
Military seized power
Germany’s Aggression
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1935 – Invaded Saar
1936 – Invaded Rhineland
1938 – Invaded Austria
1938 – Invaded Sudetenland (Western Czech)
1939 – Czechoslovakia
1939 – Invaded Poland
1940 – Invaded Denmark, Norway
1940 - Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg
1940 – France
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/launch_ani_wwtwo_movies.shtml
Italy’s Aggression
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Ethiopia – invaded only independent
country left in Africa
Japanese Aggression
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1932-Seized all of Manchuria (Manchurian
Incident)
1932-Naval officers killed Prime Minister of Japan
1937-Invaded China
1940-Announced plan of liberating Asia from
European colonizers
1940-Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies
1940-Seize French Indochina
Pearl Harbor - WHY?
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Japan needed oil for war
America had cut off oil because they were being too
aggressive.
80+% of Japan's imports came from the U.S.
Japan wanted to take over Malaya and Singapore in
Asia to get oil – knew America would come to aid of
Britain in defense of their colonies in this region
Their goal was to take out U.S. naval fleet so that they
could not be a factor.
http://users.swing.be/navbat/cartes/11.html
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 – “a date that will live in infamy”
 7-9:45 a.m. – Japan attacked Pearl Harbor
 2,400 Americans killed
 1,200 Americans wounded
 19 warships sunk or severely damaged
 200 planes destroyed
Reaction to Pearl Harbor Attack
How did Americans respond to an attack on
our soil?
December 8, 1941 – U.S. declares war on
Japan
December 11, 1941 – Germany and Italy
declare war on U.S.
Mobilizing for War
Selective Training and Service Act – 21 to 35
yr. old males must register
GIs – Government Issue (name for over 16
million Americans who served during WWII)
Rationing – meant to fairly distribute scarce
items
How did WWII affect this group living
in the United States? P. 361
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Women
African Americans
Mexican American
Media
Japanese Americans
Japanese Internment
• “war requires every possible protection
against espionage and against sabotage to
national-defense”
December 11, 1941 - FBI detained 1370
Japanese Americans classified as
"dangerous enemy aliens."
War in Europe – have book open to page 374
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1940 – 1943 ->North Africa -> Allies defeat Italy
and Germany to gain control of countries in
North Africa
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1941 - 1942 ->Germany invades Russia to gain
“own” supplies of oil and food. Russia withstood
invasion and successfully fought Germans back
to Berlin.
• 1943 - 1945 -> Italy – Allies force Italy and
Germany to surrender in Italy. Mussolini was
killed by Italians as he tried to flee.
• June 6, 1944 – D-Day – Allied troops land in
France
http://www.discoverychannel.co.uk/ww2_home/d_day/d_day.shtml
Saving Private Ryan
• The Department of Veterans Affairs set up a special 800
number to help the hundreds of former soldiers who
were traumatized after seeing the film.
• The two "German" soldiers who are shot trying to
surrender were speaking Czech. They were saying,
"Please don't shoot me, I am not German, I am Czech, I
didn't kill anyone, I am Czech!" They were members of
what the Germans called Ost [East] Battalions, men mostly Czech and Polish - taken prisoner in eastern
European countries invaded by Germany and forced into
the German.
• Real amputees were used for the shots of people with
limbs missing
• 40 barrels of fake blood were utilized in the opening
battle scene
End of War in Europe
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April 30, 1945 – Hitler commits suicide
May 8, 1945 – Germany surrenders
Warm-up – August 31
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February 1944: U.S. takes these
islands after heavy fighting.
June 1944: The Japanese lose almost
all of their warplanes in this sea battle.
October 1944: The Japanese suffer
their first major defeat.
Feb-March 1945: Americans suffer
heavy casualties but their victory of this
location allows them to bomb Japan
more aggressively.
April-June 1945: U.S. suffers
thousands of casualties but manages to
take this strategic island south of
Japan.
(a)Okinawa
(b)Iwo Jima
(c)Marshall
Islands
(d)Leyte Gulf
(e)Philippine
Sea
War in Pacific
Japanese goal
Eliminate Americans forces from region leaving them the natural
resources of Southeast Asia
December, 1941 - Philippines
 Hours after Pearl Harbor attack, Japan attacked air base in
Philippines – Clark Field
 April 1942 – Japan overrun Americans in Philippines
Bataan Death March – American surrendered and are forced to
march 60 miles to trains.
10,000 died during march
15,000 died in camps after march
(Beheading, throat-cutting, and shooting were common causes of death, in
addition to death by bayonet, rape, disembowelment, rifle-butt beating, and
deliberate starvation or dehydration)
May, 1942 - Battle for Australia and Battle of Coral Sea
• Americans prevented Japan from invading Australia
June, 1942 - Battle for Midway Island
• American victory – cracked Japanese code
• Sank four carriers and destroyed 250 planes
October, 1944 to June, 1945 - Battle for Philippines
• October 1944 – 160,000 American troops land
• Kamikazes – suicide planes
• June 1945 – Allies control Philippines
February, 1945 - Battle of Iwo Jima
 Americans force invade beach of volcanic island
 25,000 Americans killed
 Serviceman raising flag – lasting image of sacrifices of
soldiers
April to June, 1945 - Battle for Okinawa
 Last stance before Japanese mainland
 Bonzai Attacks – kill and be killed
 50,000 Americans killed
Ending the War in the Pacific
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Invade Japan
Use new weapon
Atomic Bomb
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feared that Hitler was very close to
developing his own bomb
Albert Einstein – convoyed fears
Manhattan Project - one of the largest and
most costly research and development
programs of all time
 Truman
– made decision to drop the
bombs
WHY?
to bring about a quick resolution of the
war by inflicting destruction and
instilling fear
Hiroshima = “Little Boy”
Estimated 140,000 deaths
Nagasaki = “Fat Man”
Estimated 80,000 deaths
Hiroshima
Nagasaki
July 25 1945
We met at 11 A.M. today. That is Stalin, Churchill, and the U.S. President. But I
had a most important session with Lord Mountbatten and General Marshall before
that. We have discovered the most terrible bomb in the history of the world. It may
be the fire distruction [destruction] prophesied in the Euphrates Valley Era, after
Noah and his fabulous Ark. Anyway we think we have found the way to cause a
disintegration of the atom. An experiment in the New Mexican desert was startling-to put it mildly. Thirteen pounds of the explosive caused the complete disintegration
of a steel tower 60 feet high, created a crater 6 feet deep and 1200 feet in
diameter, knocked over a steel tower 1/2 mile away and knocked men down
10,000 yards away. The explosion was visible for more than 200 miles and audible
for 40 miles and more.
This weapon is to be used against Japan between now and August 10th. I have
told the Sec. of War, Mr. Stimson to use it so that military objectives and soldiers
and sailors are the target and not women and children. Even if the Japs are
savages, ruthless, merciless and fanatic, we as the leader of the world for the
common welfare cannot drop this terrible bomb on the old Capitol or the new.
He and I are in accord. The target will be a purely military one and we will issue a
warning statement asking the Japs to surrender and save lives. I'm sure they will
not do that, but we will have given them the chance. It is certainly a good thing for
the world that Hitler's crowd or Stalin's did not discover this atomic bomb. It seems
to be the most terrible thing ever discovered, but it can be made the most useful.
“”If Germany had used the bombs on us, can
anyone doubt that we would then have
defined the dropping of atomic bombs on
cities as a war crime, and that we would have
sentenced the Germans who were guilty of
this crime to death at Nuremberg and hanged
them?”
Leo Szilard- played a major role in the
Manhattan Project
Holocaust
• Systematic murder of 11 million people –
Jews
Gypsies
Jehovah’s Witnesses
• Anti-Semitism – hatred of Jews
• Hitler proposes the Final Solution – plans for the
systematic killing of Jews
– SS (Security Squadrons) – rounded up Jews and shot
them
– Ghettos – Jews were rounded up and sealed off in
ghettos
– Concentration Camps – work camps, gas chambers,
experiments, crematoriums
Liberation of Buchenwald – Reading Questions
1. What is Harry Herder using the readers for?
2. What was the smell that he describes?
3. Why was the Sergeant allowing the men to go to
the woods if they needed to? Why did this surprise
Harry?
4. Describe his reaction to the crematorium.
5. How does he describe the prisoners?
6. What type of person do you believe the
Commandant’s wife to be?
7. What were the people of Weimar doing at the
camp? Was this a good idea?
8. Harry is a German American. What thoughts did he
have about being German?
1)What is anti-Semitism?
2)Life Before Holocaust in Nazi controlled
areas
3)Ghettos and Einsatzgruppen
4)Concentration Camps
5)Rescue and Liberation