Download Year 10 Study Guide 2010

Year 10 Science Full Year Review
You will have a huge exam in week 5 of Term 4 which covers the entire
year of science. To get you ready, we’re going to look at some ways to
study and review your work.
1. Pick a topic
There are 6 topics that we will have covered this year:

Atoms, Metals, Acids and Bases

Human Systems

Electricity

Genetics and Evolution

Forces

Earth Science
2. Make a revision sheet for your chosen topic

Make it neat and readable

Limit it to 1 side of A3

Make sure everything on the unit checklist is on your
revision sheet

Include a list of key words from your topic on your
revision sheet
3. Make some activities to go along with your revision sheet to help you
learn the material. These could be:

Crosswords

Matching games (memory)

Flashcards

Jeopardy

Taboo word game

…
4. Now repeat this for the other 5 topics that we have covered
5. You have also been given back your assessment book for the year.
Make time to go through all of your end of unit tests, as this will help
with reviewing the work covered.
Will we have some class time for revision closer to the exam but this will
not be enough time to cover everything – I strongly suggest that you get on
top of this NOW and keep working towards the exam day!
Good luck
Atoms, Metals, Acids and Bases
Key words/terms: atom, nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, group,
physical property, alloy, rusting, corrosion, formula, compound,
reactant, product, equation, oxide, acid, base, carbonate, neutral,
neutralise, indicator, litmus, Universal Indicator, hydrochloric acid,
sulphuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium
carbonate, limewater, pop test, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen.
□ Atoms
o Draw structure of an atom and label nucleus, protons, neutrons
and electrons
o Draw the electronic structure of a variety the first 20 elements
o Define atomic number, mass number and be able to calculate
the number of subatomic particles (protons, neutrons or
electrons) from them
o List the names of the first 20 elements
o Be able to use the Periodic Table to identify the different
groups (Group 1, Group 2, halogens, noble gases)
o Define compound
o Write chemical symbols or formulae for molecules and
compounds from particle pictures and draw simple particle
pictures of compounds from their formula
□ Metals
o Define physical and chemical property
o Compare physical and chemical properties of metals and nonmetals (think electrical conductivity, malleability, luster,
reaction with acid, melting point
o Give examples of practicals used to show properties of metals
and non-metals (think ball and ring, copper vs iron heat
conductivity, heating and bending an iron nail)
o Define alloy and list some common alloys
□ Acids and Bses
o Know the following words reactants, product, observations,
particle picture, word equation, symbol equation
o Define burning as fast oxidation
o Define rusting and list the conditions required for it to take
place
o Make a list of common acids and bases used in school
o Know the colour changes for litmus paper and Universal
Indicator
o Learn the following reactions:
 Acid + metal  salt + hydrogen
 Acid + carbonate  salt + water + carbon dioxide
 Acid + base  salt + water + carbon dioxide
o Relate the above reactions to practical carried out
o Understand that acid + base is a neutralization reaction
Human Systems Revision Sheet
Key words/terms: antagonistic pair, tendon, ligament, aorta, vena cava,
pulmonary,valve, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, haemoglobin, capillary, enzyme,
urea, puberty, sperm, egg, penis, testes, epididymus, scrotum, urethra,
labia, vagina, uterus, ovary, fallopian tube(oviduct), cervix, testosterone,
oestrogen(estrogen), progesterone, menstrual cycle, fertilization, ovulation,
gamete, zygote.
□ Movement
o Spell and label the main muscles of the body
o Name and label the main bones of the body
o Describe how muscles work around a joint to cause movement
o Describe the different types of joints and label the main parts
□ Breathing and respiration
o Label a diagram of the lungs with the following:
 Alveoli, bronchial tubes, trachea
o Describe the role of the diaphragm and rib muscles
o Define gas exchange and explain that carbon dioxide comes
from cells burning glucose
o Describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration
□ Transport and circulation
o Describe the function of the circulatory system
o Label the heart and describe the function of the following:
 Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle, right ventricle,
valve, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vein and pulmonary
artery
o Describe the function of capillaries, veins and arteries
o Name the components of blood
o Describe the movement of blood around the body
□ Nutrition
o Describe the function of the digestive system
o Name the different types of teeth and label a diagram of the
mouth
o Describe the pathway food takes through the digestive system
□ Excretion
o List the ways that the body excretes wastes
o Describe the function of the skin, lungs and kidneys in the
removal of wastes
□ Reproduction
o Describe the changes and differences between male and
females during puberty
o Label a diagram of the male and female
reproductive organs
o Describe the role of hormones in the menstrual cycle
o Describe the sequence of events from ovulation
through to fertilisation
o Define gamete and zygote
o Explain fertilization and the the stages in the
development of the foetus
o Describe the role of the placenta and the umbilical cord as a
life support system
Electricity Revision List
Key words/terms: nucleus, proton, neutron, electron, charge, positive,
negative, static, conductor, insulator, current, amp, volt, resistance, resistor,
circuit, lamp, switch, cell, battery, ammeter, voltmeter, series, parallel, fuse,
magnetic field, fuse.
□ Static electricity
o Explain the concept of static electricity (think electrons)
o What are the dangers of static electricity?
o How can you create static electricity?
o What are the technological uses of static electricity?
o How does lighting occur?
□ Conductors and insulators
o What is a conductor?
o What is an insulator?
o What materials conduct electricity?
o What materials insulate against electricity?
□ Current
o What piece of equipment is used to measure current?
o What is current? (Think electron flow and attraction of
positive and negative terminals)
o What is a coulomb?
o What chemicals can you use to create electricity?
o How do you make a battery?
o How do you make a current using a magnet?
o How do you make an electromagnet?
□ Volts and amps
o What is the difference between volts and amps?
o What is the relationship between volts and amps?
□ Series circuits
o Draw and label electrical symbols to be used in circuit
diagrams.
o Draw a simple series circuit (powerpack, wires, 1 bulb)
o What happens to the brightness of bulbs as you add more into
a series circuit?
o In terms of resistance and current, what does adding more
bulbs into a series circuit do?
□ Parallel circuits
o Draw a simple parallel circuit (powerpack, wires, 2 bulbs)
o What happens to the brightness of bulbs as you
add more into a parallel circuit?
o In terms of the flow of electrons why does this
not change as you add more bulbs?
□ Fuses
o What is a fuse?
o Explain the uses of fuses for safety reasons
Genetics Revision List
Key words/terms: DNA, cell, nucleus, gene, allele, chromosome,
dominant, recessive, homozygous, heterozygous, characteristic (trait),
inherited, gamete, zygote, Punnet square, normal distribution, bell-shaped
curve, discrete(either/or) variation, continuous variation, sex chromosomes, selective
breeding, natural selection, evolution, mammal, primate, bipedal, opposable thumb
□ Variation:
o Describe continuous variation
o Give examples of characteristics (traits) that exhibit
continuous variation
o Draw and describe the shape of graph you would get if you
drew a frequency histogram of a characteristic that shows
continuous variation
o Describe discrete variation
o Give examples of characteristics (traits) that exhibit discrete
variation
o Draw and describe the shape of graph you would get if you
drew a frequency histogram of a characteristic that shows
discrete variation
o Explain the difference between continuous and discrete
variation and say which would show less variation
□ Fertilisation, genetics and growth:
o Describe the relationship between genes, DNA and
chromosomes
o Understand that cells divide and that the process to produce
gametes is different to the process that produces more body
cells
o Be able to explain how genetic material in offspring is the
combination of the parents’ original genetic information
o Be able to put information into a punnett square to work out
probability of offspring carrying specific characteristics
o Show using a punnett square how there is always a 50% chance
of producing a boy or a girl
□ Adatpations, natural selection and evolution
o Describe adaptations and outline the process of natural
selection
o Explain how useful characteristics are passed on to the next
generation and how less fit individuals die before they can pass
on their genes
o List adaptations of a chosen organism and give details on how
these adaptations allow it to survive in it’s
environment
o Be able to interpret the mammalian family tree
and explain relationships between the families
o List characteristics of early humans and explain
the differences between them and our ape
relations
Forces
Key words/terms: action/reaction, force, newton, friction, mass,
weight, gravity, velocity, acceleration, work, lever, pulley, simple machine,
support
□ Force
□
□
□
□
o Define a force as a push, pull or twist (push and
pull at same time)
o Name unit of force as Newtons, symbol N
o Label a diagram with the four main forces, gravity, support,
friction and thrust
Friction
o Define friction force as a rubbing force
that opposes motion
o List ways of reducing friction and discuss
how they do this (think oil, ball bearings)
o Fluid friction – compare how different
shapes move through water or air (think
streamlining and wind tunnels)
Gravity
o Define gravity as a force acting down on an object – list some
things that are used to slow rate of acceleration (think air
bags, parachutes)
Movement
o Action and reaction – for every action there is an equal and
opposite reaction. Describe a practical that demonstrated this
fact.
o Draw and interpret force diagrams showing balanced and
unbalanced forces.
o Carry out simple calculations using the formula for speed
(v=d/t)
o Draw and interpret graphs of motion
Mechanics
o Describe how levers make work easy
o Describe how pulleys make work easy
Earth Science
Key words/terms: core, mantle, crust, tectonic plate, convection
current, Gondwanaland, plate boundary, igneous, metamorphic,
sedimentary, weathering, erosion, transport, sediment, deposition,
compression, uplift, glacier, freeze & thaw
Structure of the Earth
□ Draw and label a cross-section of the Earth (core, mantle, crust)
□ Label north and south pole, magnetic pole, equator and tropics
Plate tectonics and boundaries
□ Recognise Gondwana land and explain how convection currents in the
mantle cause the movement of Plates
□ Describe continental drift and give evidence of it (think fossils)
□ Be able to label and recognise the boundaries of the plates on a
world map
Rock Types
□ Define igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks
□ Describe how each of the above is formed
□ Be able to identify these types of rocks from a simple description or
by using a key
Weathering and erosion
□ Describe the ways that can cause the breakdown of rocks
(weathering) and be able to explain the process