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Content adaptation for gradual Quality of Service I T &S A e r o s p a c e D e f e n c e Vania Conan, Arnaud Pierre Thales [email protected] [email protected] Example problem: video over heterogeneous networks User with Mobile phone User with laptop PC Group of users User with PDA Problem: How to manage QoS in heterogeneous networks characterised by various types of radio links (UMTS, WLAN, …) , load variations and typology. Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Presentation plan 1- Content adaptation problem applications 2- Middleware application Layer Concepts architecture 3- Overlay networks principles current work 4- Overlay management PDP/PEP approach 5- Conclusions Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 The concept of Content Adaptation Module Conditions Input information Content Content adaptation Examples of needs for content adaptation 1. HTML content adaptation 2. VRML 3. Video Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 adapted information Content Progressive Transmission by quality Compressed Image bitstream 0.125bpp Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 0.25bpp 1bpp lossless Progressive Transmission by resolution Compressed Image bitstream Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Content adaptation adapt information Nature or/and Structure to a set of constraints Content adaptation Wireless Network Wireless network constraints low bandwidth (low signal power) connection cut hazards End user equipment (heterogeneous) laptop PC PDA environment mobile phone environment user profile user role in the organisation access control Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 End user Equipment User Profile Presentation plan 1- Content adaptation problem applications 2- Middleware application Layer Concepts architecture 3- Overlay networks principles current work 4- Overlay management PDP/PEP approach 5- Conclusions Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 unified information format Information Content Header Cell:: (Header, Content)> Header:: (Parameter +) Content:: (Properties, Data) Properties:: (Property *) Information structure: a “cell” Rules CAM Incoming cell Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Output cell Information Flow Content adaptation Service information level cell level 00101101… transport level text... Cell Parsers Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 A system of rules If [setOfProperties] Then [...] Else […] Content properties Context (System state) Type Of Content Set of Rules Content Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Loaded Service Adapted Content Rule design DTD Description <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?> <!-- DTD: RULE STRUCTURE --><!ELEMENT rule (ruleID, instruction)> <!ELEMENT ruleID (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT instruction (condition, thenExpression, elseExpression)> <!ELEMENT condition (booleanExpression)> <!ELEMENT booleanExpression (operator, operandList)> <!ELEMENT operator (and|or|not)> <!ELEMENT and EMPTY> <!ELEMENT or EMPTY> <!ELEMENT not EMPTY> <!ELEMENT operandList (operand+)> <!ELEMENT operand (booleanExpression|property)> <!ELEMENT property EMPTY> <!ATTLIST property name CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT thenExpression (instruction|statement)> <!ELEMENT elseExpression (instruction|statement)> <!ELEMENT statement (serviceID)> <!ELEMENT serviceID (#PCDATA)> Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Module Architecture Libraries of Resources External Communication Serv. Events generation Module Rules Info Process Management Processor Factory Statistics & evaluation Information Capture Cell capture Content extraction Messages Management Module CAM State Management Process Profile Management CAM State Information Delivery Cell generation Content formatting Cell parser Library Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Where to find content adaptation? •Client-based integration Entity A PDA content Adaptation Entity B HTML, images •Server-based integration Adaptation Module Module implemented by server routines VRML objects •Network based integration Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 LAN Relay WLAN Presentation plan 1- Content adaptation problem applications 2- Middleware application Layer Concepts Architecture 3- Overlay networks principles current work 4- Overlay management PDP/PEP approach 5- Conclusions Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Definition An overlay network is a network built on top of existing networks replaces some of the functionality of underlying network e.g. addressing, routing, service model adds an additional layer of indirection Entity A builds a virtual network Entity B makes new services available to applications Resource discovery Enhanced features (multicast, security, reliability) It is an alternative to changing the global operational infrastructure Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Overlay nodes Pros: Reuse Reuse of existing infrastructure (hardware, software, providers) No modification of existing network layer software/protocols But Deploy new software on top of existing software P2P software, ... Possibly deploy new hardware cache servers, ... Support evolving network services expensive to develop entirely new networking hardware/software all networks after the telephone have begun as overlay networks Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Pros: Reuse ! Not every node needs/wants overlay network service all the time e.g., QoS guarantees for best-effort traffic Overlay network may be too heavyweight for some nodes e.g., consumes too much memory, cycles, or bandwidth Overlay network may have unclear security properties e.g., may be used for service denial attack Overlay network may scale poorly e.g. may require n2 state or communication Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Cons Adds overhead Adds a layer in networking stack Additional packet headers, processing load at the nodes Sometimes, additional work is redundant E.g. addressing Adds complexity Layering does not eliminate complexity, it only manages it Another layer ! more possible unintended interaction between layers E.g., corruption drops on wireless interpreted as congestion drops by TCP Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Presentation plan 1- Content adaptation problem applications 2- Middleware application Layer Concepts architecture 3- Overlay networks principles current work 4- Overlay management PDP/PEP approach 5- Conclusions Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 QoS policy management Negotiated contract (SLA) Decision point QoS policy (SLS) JPEG2000 server Proxy Client Filtering service eg. JPEG2000 Client Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Network Deployment PDP JRM PS Router Router+ PEP AR AR Video server user Two steps procedure: - at call set up: opening a session and launching adaptation set up : PDP - during the session: filtering of content : PEP Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Video adaptation concept demonstrator The system is composed of three distinct modules: A broadcasting video server acts as a source of JPEG images. Its main role is to generate a video flow of images which are sent to a specific proxy. A filter proxy It receives the image flow from the source and transmits it to the client. The “video” flow is truncated according to the QoS parameters required by each client. Input: flow of JPEG images issued by the source, client transmit/QoS requests Output: personalized “Video” flow for each client the client module After sending to the proxy connection and QoS parameters, its role is to receive decompress and display the “video” flow. Input: flow of JPEG images issued by the proxy, Output: client/QoS requests for configuring the proxy. PDA client PC client Flow of JPEG images Video broadcasting server proxy Lite PC client Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Presentation plan 1- Content adaptation problem applications 2- Middleware application Layer Concepts architecture 3- Overlay networks principles current work 4- Overlay management PDP/PEP approach 5- Conclusions Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 Conclusions Overlay network built on top of the Internet for content adaptation Middleware supports processing of structured data dynamic upload of new processing features rules-based external supervision On going work Link with overlay management Application to multicast video delivery Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004 End Thank you ! Séminaire QoS, 25 juin 2004